Four Continents (French)

Four Continents
Four Continents
	Statues outside the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House
Artist	Daniel Chester French and Adolph Alexander Weinman
Medium	Marble sculpture
Location	New York City, New York, U.S.
	40°42′15″N 74°0′49″W / 40.70417°N 74.01361°W

Four Continents is the collective name of four sculptures by Daniel Chester French, installed outside the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House at Bowling Green in Manhattan, New York City.^[1] French performed the commissions with associate Adolph A. Weinman.^[2]

Description and history

The work was made of marble^[3] and sculpted by the Piccirilli Brothers,^[4]^[5] with each sculptural group costing $13,500 (equivalent to $460,000 in 2023).^[4] The sculptures were first shown to the public in 1905.^[3] From east to west, the statues depict larger-than-life-size personifications of Asia, America, Europe, and Africa.^[6]^[3] The primary figures are female, but there are also auxiliary human figures flanking each primary figure. In addition, Asia's figure is paired with a tiger, and Africa's figure is paired with a lion.^[3]

Gallery

Asia
America
Europe
Africa

References

^ Keyes, Allison (March 5, 2018). "Two Museum Directors Say It's Time to Tell the Unvarnished History of the U.S." Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
^ "United States Custom House" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. October 14, 1965. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 26, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2019; van Alfen, Peter. "Monuments, Medals, and Metropolis, part I: Beaux Arts Architecture". Archived from the original on January 12, 2014; Harris, J. (2002). The New Art History: A Critical Introduction. Taylor & Francis. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-134-58250-1. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "For Four Marble Groups; Symbols of Continents for the Custom House by D.C. French Shown". The New York Times. April 30, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "United States Custom House Interior" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. January 9, 1979. p. 4. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
^ "Custom House Statues". New-York Tribune. November 13, 1905. p. 9. Retrieved March 24, 2020 – via newspapers.com ; Gray, Christopher (October 17, 1999). "Streetscapes/The Piccirillis; Six Brothers Who Left Their Mark as Sculptors". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
^ White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.

External links

Media related to Four Continents at the U.S. Custom House at Wikimedia Commons
The Four Continents at Waymarking: Africa, America, Asia, Europe

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[1] Keyes, Allison (March 5, 2018). "Two Museum Directors Say It's Time to Tell the Unvarnished History of the U.S." Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2020-03-02.

[NYCL-0020-2] "United States Custom House" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. October 14, 1965. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 26, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2019; van Alfen, Peter. "Monuments, Medals, and Metropolis, part I: Beaux Arts Architecture". Archived from the original on January 12, 2014; Harris, J. (2002). The New Art History: A Critical Introduction. Taylor & Francis. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-134-58250-1. Retrieved April 14, 2020.

[nyt19050430-3] "For Four Marble Groups; Symbols of Continents for the Custom House by D.C. French Shown". The New York Times. April 30, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 16, 2020.

[NYCL_p._4-4] "United States Custom House Interior" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. January 9, 1979. p. 4. Retrieved March 24, 2020.

[5] "Custom House Statues". New-York Tribune. November 13, 1905. p. 9. Retrieved March 24, 2020 – via newspapers.com ; Gray, Christopher (October 17, 1999). "Streetscapes/The Piccirillis; Six Brothers Who Left Their Mark as Sculptors". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.

[aia5-6] White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.

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v t e Daniel Chester French
Sculptures (public)	The Minute Man (1874) John Harvard (1884) Memory (1886–1887) Thomas Gallaudet Memorial (1889) Lewis Cass (1889) Death and the Sculptor (1889) Thomas Starr King (1892) John Boyle O'Reilly Memorial (1896) T. A. Chapman Memorial (1896–1897) Richard Morris Hunt Memorial (1898) Rufus Choate (1898) Ulysses S. Grant (1899) George H. Perkins (1902) Joseph Hooker (1903) Alma Mater (1903–1904) Colonel James Anderson Monument (1904) William Francis Bartlett (1904) Four Continents (1905–1907) Charles Devens (1906) Progress of the State (1906) James Oglethorpe Monument (1907–1910) George Frisbie Hoar (1908) Russell Alger Memorial Fountain (1913–1921) Samuel Spencer (1910) Statue of Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln, Nebraska; 1912) Butt–Millet Memorial Fountain (1913) Wisconsin (1913–1914) The Spirit of Life (1914) Wendell Phillips (1914) Lafayette Memorial (1917) The Republic (1918; replica of 1893 statue) Ruth Anne Dodge Memorial (1918) Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln Memorial; 1920) Dupont Circle Fountain (1921) Marquis de Lafayette (1921) Alfred Tredway White Memorial (1923) Victory statue, First Division Monument (1924) George Robert White Memorial (1924) Washington Irving Memorial (1925–1926) Westinghouse Memorial (1926–1930) William Henry Seward Memorial (1930) Beneficence (1930) Equestrian statue of George Washington
Medals	Pulitzer Prize (1917)
Museums	Chesterwood
Related	Henry Flagg French (father) William M.R. French (brother) William M. Richardson (grandfather) Audrey Munson (model) Berkshire Playhouse National Sculpture Society Minute Man National Historical Park Lexington–Concord Sesquicentennial half dollar

v t e Adolph Alexander Weinman
Sculptures	General Alexander Macomb (1908) Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument (1908) Union Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1909) Abraham Lincoln (1909) Fountain of the Centaurs (c. 1926) Drafting the Declaration of Independence (1939-1943) Four Continents (with Daniel Chester French)
Coins and medals	Winged Liberty Head dime (1916) Walking Liberty half dollar (1916) American Campaign Medal (1942) Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal (1942) European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (1942) J. Sanford Saltus Medal Award American Silver Eagle coin (1986-present) American Palladium Eagle coin (2017-present)
Related	Robert Weinman (son) Audrey Munson (model)

Description and history

Gallery

See also

References

External links