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The Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) is a measurement devised by the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC), the United Nations Environment Program and others^[1] to characterize the relative severity of various types of environmental issues suffered by 243 enumerated individual nations and other geographies (such as Antarctica). The results of the EVI are used to focus on planned solutions to negative pressures on the environment, whilst promoting sustainability.

Development

The beginning stages of the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) were developed to be appropriate for Small Island Developing States (SIDs), this theoretical idea at the time was presented by the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) on February 4, 1999. The ideas and plans for The Environmental Vulnerability Index were worked on further with the creation of a (EVI) Think Tank that took place from September 7–10, 1999 in Pacific Harbour, Fiji. Expanding the (EVI) to other SIDS was aided by a meeting of experts convened in Malta on November 29 – December 3, 1999 by (SOPAC) and the Foundation for International Studies (of the University of Malta's Islands and Small States Institute) with the support of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

During the second phase of the development, the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) was tested in five different countries. A workshop was made to expand the application of the Environmental Vulnerability Index to a demonstrative set of countries from around the world. The workshop was hosted by UNEP in Geneva, Switzerland on August 27 – August 29, 2001. Continuation of work and development on The Environmental Vulnerability Index, lead to a presentation of the first functional results with the Demonstration EVI.

Calculation

To be able to calculate an Environmental Vulnerability Index it requires the compilation of relevant environmental vulnerability data for the 50 indicators. Once compiled then this data must be used to calculate each indicator. As the indicators are heterogeneous, include variables for which responses are numerical, qualitative and on different scales (linear, non-linear, or with different ranges) they are mapped onto a 1–7 vulnerability scale. Where data is not available, no value is given for the indicator and the denominator of the average adjusted down by one value. Where an indicator is considered 'non-applicable' in a country (such as volcanic eruptions in Tuvalu which has no volcanoes), the lowest vulnerability score of 1 is attributed to that indicator. The vulnerability scores for each indicator are then accumulated either into categories or sub-indices and the average calculated. An overall average of all indicators is calculated to generate the country EVI. The EVI is accumulated into three sub-indices: Hazards, Resistance, Damage

The 50 EVI indicators are also divided up in the issue categories for use as required: Climate change, Biodiversity, Water, Agriculture and fisheries, Human health aspects, Desertification, and Exposure to Natural Disasters.

Indicators

1. High Winds – Average annual excess winds over the last five years (summing speeds on days during which the maximum recorded wind speed is greater than 20% higher than the 30 year average maximum wind speed for that month) averaged over all reference climate stations.
2. Dry Periods – Average annual rainfall deficit (mm) over the past 5 years for all months with more than 20% lower rainfall than the 30 year monthly average, averaged over all reference climate stations.
3. Wet Periods – Average annual excess rainfall (mm) over the past 5 years for all months with more than 20% higher rainfall than the 30 year monthly average, averaged over all reference climate stations
4. Hot Periods – Average annual excess heat (degrees C) over the past 5 years for all days more than 5^°C (9^°F) hotter than the 30 year mean monthly maximum, averaged over all reference climate stations.
5. Cold Periods – Average annual heat deficit (degrees C) over the past 5 years for all days more than 5^°C (9^°F) cooler than the 30 year mean monthly minimum, averaged overall reference climate stations.
6. Sea Temperatures – Average annual deviation in Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) in the last 5 years in relation to the 30 year monthly means
7. Volcanoes – Cumulative volcano risk as the weighted number of volcanoes with the potential for eruption greater than or equal to a Volcanic Explosively Index of 2 (VEI 2) within 100 km of the country land boundary (divided by the area of land).
8. Earthquakes – Cumulative earthquake energy within 100 km of country land boundaries measured as Local Magnitude (ML) ≥ 6.0 and occurring at a depth of less than or equal to fifteen kilometers(≤15 km depth) over 5 years (divided by land area).
9. Tsunamis – Number of tsunamis or storms surges with run-up greater than 2 meters above Mean High Water Spring tide (MHWS) per 1000 km coastline since 1900.
10. Slides – Number of slides recorded in the last 5 years (EMDAT definitions), divided by land area
11. Land Area – Total land area (km2)
12. Country Dispersion – Ratio of length of borders (land and maritime) to total land area.
13. Isolation – Distance to nearest continent (km)
14. Relief – Altitude range (highest point subtracted from the lowest point in country)
15. Lowlands – Percentage of land area less than or equal to 50m above sea level
16. Borders – Number of land and sea borders (including EEZ shared with other countries.)
17. Ecosystem Imbalance – Weighted average change in trophic level since fisheries began (for trophic level slice ≤3.35).
18. Environmental Openness – Average annual USD freight imports over the past 5 years by any means per km2 land area
19. Migrations – Number of known species that migrate outside the territorial area at any time during their life spans (including land and all aquatic species) / area of land
20. Endemics – Number of known endemic species per million square kilometer land area
21. Introductions – Number of introduced species per 1000 square kilometer of land area
22. Endangered Species – Number of endangered and vulnerable species per 1000 km² land area (IUCN definitions)
23. Extinctions – Number of species known to have become extinct since 1900 per 1000 km² land area (IUCN definitions)
24. Vegetation Cover – Percentage of natural and regrowth vegetation cover remaining (include forests, wetlands, prairies, tundra, desert and alpine associations).
25. Loss Of Cover – Net percentage change in natural vegetation cover over the last five years
26. Habitat fragmentation – Total length of all roads in a country divided by land area.
27. Degradation – Percent of land area that is either severely or very severely degraded (FAO/AGL Terrastat definitions)
28. Terrestrial Reserves – Percent of terrestrial land area legally set aside as no take reserves
29. Marine Reserves – Percentage of continental shelf legally designated as marine protected areas (MPAs).
30. Intensive Farming – Annual tonnage of intensively farmed animal products (includes aquaculture, pigs, poultry) produced over the last five years per square kilometer land area.
31. Fertilizers – Average annual intensity of fertilizer use over the total land area over the last 5 years.
32. Pesticides – Average annual pesticides used as kg/km²/year over total land area over last 5 years.
33. Biotechnology – Cumulative number of deliberate field trials of genetically modified organisms conducted in the country since 1986.
34. Productivity Over-fishing – Average ratio of productivity : fisheries catch over the last 5 years
35. Fishing Effort – Average annual number of fishers per kilometer of coastline over the last 5 years
36. Renewable Water – Average annual water usage as percentage of renewable water resources over the last 5 years
37. SO₂ Emissions – Average annual SO₂ emissions over the last 5 years.
38. Generated and imported toxic, hazardous and municipal wastes per square kilometer land area over the last 5 years
39. Waste Treatment – Mean annual percent of hazardous, toxic and municipal waste effectively managed and treated over the past 5 years.
40. Industry – Average annual use of electricity for industry over the last 5 years per square kilometer of land
41. Spills – Total number of spills of oil and hazardous substances greater than 1000 liters on land, in rivers or within territorial waters per million km maritime coast during the last five years
42. Mining – Average annual mining production (include all surface and subsurface mining and quarrying) per km2 of land area over the past 5 years.
43. Sanitation – Density of population without access to safe sanitation (WHO definitions)
44. Vehicles – Number of vehicles per square kilometer of land area (most recent data)
45. Population – Total human population density (number per km² land area)
46. Population Growth – Annual human population growth rate over the last 5 years
47. Tourists Average annual number of international tourists per km2 land over the past 5 years.
48. Coastal Settlements – Density of people living in coastal settlements, i.e. with a city center within 100 km of any maritime or lake* coast.
49. Environmental Agreements – Number of environmental treaties in force in a country.
50. Conflicts – Average number of conflict years per decade within the country over the past 50 years.

List

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Environmental_Vulnerability_Index
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Rank	Country	Index	Bracket
1	French Guiana	174	Resilient
2	Western Sahara	175	Resilient
3	Botswana	181	Resilient
4	Central African Republic	193	Resilient
5	Namibia	200	Resilient
6	Zimbabwe	200	Resilient
7	Guyana	207	Resilient
8	Mongolia	208	Resilient
9	Niger	208	Resilent
10	Djibouti	210	Resilient
11	Zambia	210	Resilient
12	Gabon	211	Resilient
13	Suriname	211	Resilient
14	Kazakhstan	215	At risk
15	Mali	215	At risk
16	Svalbard	215	At risk
17	Chad	217	At risk
18	Congo	219	At risk
19	Falkland Islands	223	At risk
20	Mozambique	225	At risk
21	Angola	227	At risk
22	Cameroon	229	At risk
23	Burkina Faso	229	At risk
24	Qatar	229	At risk
25	Mauritania	233	At risk
26	Kyrgyzstan	234	At risk
27	Antarctica	235	At risk
28	Australia	238	At risk
29	Belarus	239	At risk
30	Equatorial Guinea	243	At risk
31	Greenland	243	At risk
32	Laos	243	At risk
33	Swaziland	243	At risk
34	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	245	At risk
35	Panama	247	At risk
36	Armenia	247	At risk
37	Bahamas	248	At risk
38	Cote d'Ivoire	248	At risk
39	Turkmenistan	249	At risk
40	Malawi	249	At risk
41	Oman	250	At risk
42	Bolivia	250	At risk
43	Canada	251	At risk
44	Papua New Guinea	251	At risk
45	Bhutan	253	At risk
46	Eritrea	254	At risk
47	Guinea	254	At risk
48	Libya	256	At risk
49	Andorra	257	At risk
50	Tanzania	257	At risk
51	Belize	258	At risk
52	Uruguay	259	At risk
53	Ethiopia	260	At risk
54	Paraguay	260	At risk
55	Georgia	261	At risk
56	Kenya	262	At risk
57	Finland	265	Vulnerable
58	São Tomé and Príncipe	265	Vulnerable
59	Somalia	265	Vulnerable
60	Peru	268	Vulnerable
61	Cambodia	270	Vulnerable
62	Latvia	270	Vulnerable
63	Myanmar	270	Vulnerable
64	Bouvet Island	271	Vulnerable
65	Guinea-Bissau	271	Vulnerable
66	Liberia	271	Vulnerable
67	Tajikistan	271	Vulnerable
68	Nicaragua	272	Vulnerable
69	Honduras	273	Vulnerable
70	Norway	273	Vulnerable
71	Russia	273	Vulnerable
72	Saudi Arabia	274	Vulnerable
73	Sudan	274	Vulnerable
74	Algeria	275	Vulnerable
75	Comoros	277	Vulnerable
76	Gambia	277	Vulnerable
77	Senegal	277	Vulnerable
78	Benin	278	Vulnerable