Entomophthoromycota

Entomophthoromycota
	Conidiobolus firmipilleus on surface of agar petri dish
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Subkingdom:	Zoopagomyceta
Division:	Entomophthoromycota; Humber (2013)
Classes
	Basidiobolomycetes; Neozygitomycetes; Entomophthoromycetes;

Entomophthoromycota is a division of kingdom fungi. In 2007, it was placed at the taxonomic rank of subphylum in the most recent revision of the entire fungus kingdom.^[1] In 2012, it was raised to the rank of phylum as "Entomophthoromycota" in a scientific paper by Richard A. Humber 2012.^[2] Divided into three classes and six families (Ancylistaceae, Basidiobolaceae, Completoriaceae, Entomophthoraceae, Meristacraceae, and Neozygitaceae), it contains over 250 species that are mostly arthropod pathogens or soil- and litter-borne saprobes.^[3]

Taxonomy

Circumscribed by mycologist Richard Humber in 2012, it contains species formerly classified in the division Zygomycota. Humber's reorganization divides the division into three classes while retaining the previously defined family structure:^[2]

Division Entomophthoromycota Humber 2012

Class Basidiobolomycetes Humber 2012

Order Basidiobolales Jacz. & P.A. Jacz. 1931 ex. Caval.-Sm.

Family Basidiobolaceae Engler & Gilg 1924

Schizangiella Dwyer et al. 2006

Basidiobolus Eidam 1886

Class Neozygitomycetes Humber 2012

Order Neozygitales Humber 2012

Family Neozygitaceae Ben Ze’ev, Kenneth & Uziel 1987

Apterivorax Keller 2005

Neozygites Witlaczil 1885

Class Entomophthoromycetes Humber 2012

Order Entomophthorales Winter 1880

Family Ancylistaceae Schröter 1893

Ancyclistes Pfitzer 1872

Conidiobolus Brefeld 1884 emend. Humber 1989

Macrobiotophthora Reukauf 1912 emend. Tucker 1981

Family Completoriaceae Humber 1989

Completoria Lohde 1874

Family Entomophthoraceae Nowakowski 1877

Subfamily Erynioideae Keller 2005

Erynia (Nowakowski ex Batko 1966) Remaud. & Hennebert 1980.emend. Humber 1989

Eryniopsis Humber 1984 (in part)

Furia (Batko 1966) Humber 2005

Orthomyces Steinkraus, Humber & Oliver 1988

Pandora Humber 2005

Strongwellsea Batko & Weiser 1965 emend. Humber 1976

Zoophthora Batko 1964 emend. Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 2005

Subfamily Entomophthoroideae Keller 2005

Batkoa Humber 2005

Entomophaga Batko 1964 emend. Humber 1989

Entomophthora Fresenius 1856

Eryniopsis Humber 1984 (in part)

Massospora Peck 1879 emend. Soper 1974

Family Meristacraceae Humber 1989

Meristacrum Drechsler 1940 emend. Tucker & Humber 1981 (syn Tabanomyces Couch et al.)

Genera that have an uncertain status or have been excluded from the Entomophthoromycota include Ballocephala, Tarichium, and Zygnemomyces.^[3]
Synonyms from "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi".^[4] Ballocephala and Zygnemomyces were transferred to Mucoromycota division.

Description

Species in the Entomophthoromycota generally share several characteristics. Their vegetative cells are coenocytic; sporulation occurs by production of forcibly discharged dispersive or infective conidia; and their zygospores (which also function as resting spores) are homothallic.^[3]

References

^ Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, et al. (May 2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycol. Res. 111 (Pt 5): 509–47. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.626.9582. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. PMID 17572334.
^ ^a ^b Humber RA. (2012). "Entomophthoromycota: A new phylum and reclassification for entomophthoroid fungi". Mycotaxon. 120: 477–492. doi:10.5248/120.477.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gryganskyi AP, Humber RA, Smith ME, Hodge K, Huang B, Voigt K, Vilgalys R (2013). "Phylogenetic lineages in Entomophthoromycota". Persoonia. 30: 94–105. doi:10.3767/003158513X666330. PMC 3734969. PMID 24027349.
^ "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.

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[pmid17572334-1] Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, et al. (May 2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycol. Res. 111 (Pt 5): 509–47. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.626.9582. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. PMID 17572334.

[Humber_2012-2] Humber RA. (2012). "Entomophthoromycota: A new phylum and reclassification for entomophthoroid fungi". Mycotaxon. 120: 477–492. doi:10.5248/120.477.

[Gryganskyi_2013-3] Gryganskyi AP, Humber RA, Smith ME, Hodge K, Huang B, Voigt K, Vilgalys R (2013). "Phylogenetic lineages in Entomophthoromycota". Persoonia. 30: 94–105. doi:10.3767/003158513X666330. PMC 3734969. PMID 24027349.

[4] "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.

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Entomophthoromycota

Conidiobolus firmipilleus on surface of agar petri dish
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Subkingdom:	Zoopagomyceta
Division:	Entomophthoromycota Humber (2013)
Classes
Basidiobolomycetes Neozygitomycetes Entomophthoromycetes