Disko

	Disco
Pôvod v štýloch	funk rôzne soulove žánre • psychedelický rock • latinskoamerická hudba • afro-kubánska hudba • klasická hudba • swing • blues
Typické nástroje	dychová sekcia • husle • viola • bicí nástroj • perkusie • syntetizátor
Všeobecná popularita	1974 – 1980
Odvodené štýly	post-disco • Hi-NRG • house • eurodisco • space disco • italo-disco • hip-hop
Podštýly
	Nu disco • Progressive disco • Disco-synth;
Zmes štýlov
	Disco-punk • disco-metal • disco bop
	---- Pozri aj Hudobný portál

Disko alebo disco je druh tanečného hudobného žánru, ktorý obsahuje prvky latinsko-americkej hudby, funku, soulu, popu, salsy a psychedelickej hudby. Tento hudobný štýl bol najpopulárnejší od polovice do konca 70. rokov 20. storočia, ale aj od tej doby sa jeho popularita niekoľkokrát nakrátko obnovovala.^[6] Disco užíva „four-on-the-floor“ rytmu.

Etymologicky by sme pôvod názvu tohto žánru mohli priradiť k francúzskemu slovu „discothèque“, ktorým sa označuje knižnica fonografických nahrávok (hudobných diskov), no neskôr sa zaužívalo aj pre označenie nočných klubov Paríža.^[7] V priebehu 60. a začiatkom 70. rokov boli v New Yorku a Philadephii prvotnými návštevníkmi takýchto klubov hlavne Afroameričania,^[8] Taliani amerického pôvodu,^[9] hispánski a latinskí Američania a členovia psychedelických komunít. Disko bolo tiež reakciou na dominanciu rockovej hudby a stigmatizáciu tanečnej hudby kontrakultúrou, ktorá dominovala v tejto dobe. Veľmi vrúcne prijali disko štýl hlavne ženy a táto hudba sa nakoniec šírila do niekoľkých ďalších vtedy ešte marginalizovaných spoločenstiev.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17].

Príklady

Piesne

"Stayin' Alive" (1977) od Bee Gees
"Y.M.C.A" (1978) od Village People
"Disco Queen" (1976) od Abba
"Daddy Cool" (1976) od Boney M
"One Way Ticket" (1979) od Eruption
"Sun Of Jamaica" (1979) od Goombay Dance Band
"D.I.S.C.O." (1979) od Ottawan
"You're The First, The Last, My Everything" (1974) od Barry White
"The Hustle" (1975) od Van McCoy
"Celebration" (1980) od Kool & the Gang
"September" (1978) od Earth, Wind & Fire
"Let's All Chant" (1978) od Michael Zager Band
"You're The One That I Want" (1978) od John Travolta And Olivia Newton John
"Born To Be Alive" (1979) od Patrick Hernandez

Referencie

↑ (2003) A history of rock music 1951–2000, ISBN 978-0-595-29565-4, p.152: "Funk music opened the doors to the disco subculture"
↑ (2003) Out of the Revolution, ISBN 978-0-7391-0547-4, p.398 : "Funk, disco, and Rap music are grounded in the same aesthetic concepts that define the soul music tradition."
↑ (2000) Last Night a DJ Saved My Life, ISBN 978-0-8021-3688-6, p.127: "Its music grew as much out of the psychedelic experiments ... as from ... Philadelphia orchestrations"
↑ (2003) The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco, ISBN 978-1-884365-32-4, p.67: "Disco incorporates stylistic elements of Rock, Funk and the Motown sound while also drawing from Swing, Soca, Merengue and Afro-Cuban styles"
↑ (2006) A Change is Gonna Come: Music, Race & the Soul of America, ISBN 978-0-472-03147-4, p.207: "A looser, explicitly polyrhythmic attack pushes the blues, gospel, and soul heritage into apparently endless cycle where there is no beginning or end, just an ever-present "now"."
↑ It’s Happy, It’s Danceable and It May Rule Summer New York Times May 29, 2013
↑ The birth of disco . Oxford Dictionaries. Dostupné online.
↑ The audience of gay males (esp. gay African American and Latino males). Further reading: GENERALIST, David A.. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture. : Routledge, September 10, 2012. ISBN 9781136761812. S. 153.
↑ Shapiro, Peter. "Turn the Beat Around: The Rise and Fall of Disco", Macmillan, 2006. p.204–206: " 'Broadly speaking, the typical New York discotheque DJ is young (between 18 and 30), Italian, and gay,' journalist Vince Lettie declared in 1975...Remarkably, almost all of the important early DJ were of Italian extraction...Italian Americans have played a significant role in America's dance music culture...While Italian Americans mostly from Brooklyn largely created disco from scratch..." .
↑ (2007) The 1970s, ISBN 978-0-313-33919-6, p.203–204: "During the late 1960s various male counterculture groups, most notably gay, but also heterosexual black and Latino, created an alternative to Rockefeller, which was dominated by white—and presumably heterosexual—men. This alternative was disco"
↑ Disco Double Take: New York Parties Like It's 1975. Village Voicecom. Retrieved on August 9, 2009.
↑ What's That Sound? • W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.. What's That Sound? • W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. Norton.com. Retrieved on August 4, 2009
↑ Mac Arthur's Disco : Disco Clubs at Disco Music.com. Discotheques and Clubs of the 1970s/80s: "Mac Arthur's Disco". Disco Music.com. Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
↑ (1998) "The Cambridge History of American Music", ISBN 978-0-521-45429-2, ISBN 978-0-521-45429-2, p.372: "Initially, disco musicians and audiences alike belonged to marginalized communities: women, gay, black, and Latinos"
↑ (2002) "Traces of the Spirit: The Religious Dimensions of Popular Music", ISBN 978-0-8147-9809-6, ISBN 978-0-8147-9809-6, p.117: "New York City was the primary center of disco, and the original audience was primarily gay African Americans and Latinos."
↑ Shapiro, Peter. "Turn the Beat Around: The Rise and Fall of Disco", Macmillan, 2006. p.204–206: " 'Broadly speaking, the typical New York discotheque DJ is young (between 18 and 30), Italian, and gay,' journalist Vince Lettie declared in 1975...Remarkably, almost all of the important early DJs were of Italian extraction...Italian Americans have played a significant role in America's dance music culture...While Italian Americans mostly from Brooklyn largely created disco from scratch..." .
↑ (1976) "Stereo Review", University of Michigan, p.75: " and the result—what has come to be called disco—was clearly the most compelling and influential form of black commercial pop music since the halcyon days of the "Motown Sound" of the middle Sixties."

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[1] (2003) A history of rock music 1951–2000, ISBN 978-0-595-29565-4, p.152: "Funk music opened the doors to the disco subculture"

[2] (2003) Out of the Revolution, ISBN 978-0-7391-0547-4, p.398 : "Funk, disco, and Rap music are grounded in the same aesthetic concepts that define the soul music tradition."

[philadelphiasoulpsychedelicmusic-3] (2000) Last Night a DJ Saved My Life, ISBN 978-0-8021-3688-6, p.127: "Its music grew as much out of the psychedelic experiments ... as from ... Philadelphia orchestrations"

[motownswingsocamerengue-4] (2003) The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco, ISBN 978-1-884365-32-4, p.67: "Disco incorporates stylistic elements of Rock, Funk and the Motown sound while also drawing from Swing, Soca, Merengue and Afro-Cuban styles"

[A_Change_is_Gonna_Come-5] (2006) A Change is Gonna Come: Music, Race & the Soul of America, ISBN 978-0-472-03147-4, p.207: "A looser, explicitly polyrhythmic attack pushes the blues, gospel, and soul heritage into apparently endless cycle where there is no beginning or end, just an ever-present "now"."

[McKinley-6] It’s Happy, It’s Danceable and It May Rule Summer New York Times May 29, 2013

[Oxford-7] The birth of disco . Oxford Dictionaries. Dostupné online.

[nb-8] The audience of gay males (esp. gay African American and Latino males). Further reading: GENERALIST, David A.. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture. : Routledge, September 10, 2012. ISBN 9781136761812. S. 153.

[Italian-Americans_and_disco-9] Shapiro, Peter. "Turn the Beat Around: The Rise and Fall of Disco", Macmillan, 2006. p.204–206: " 'Broadly speaking, the typical New York discotheque DJ is young (between 18 and 30), Italian, and gay,' journalist Vince Lettie declared in 1975...Remarkably, almost all of the important early DJ were of Italian extraction...Italian Americans have played a significant role in America's dance music culture...While Italian Americans mostly from Brooklyn largely created disco from scratch..." .

[alternative_to_Rockefeller-10] (2007) The 1970s, ISBN 978-0-313-33919-6, p.203–204: "During the late 1960s various male counterculture groups, most notably gay, but also heterosexual black and Latino, created an alternative to Rockefeller, which was dominated by white—and presumably heterosexual—men. This alternative was disco"

[Partylikeits1975-11] Disco Double Take: New York Parties Like It's 1975. Village Voicecom. Retrieved on August 9, 2009.

[12] What's That Sound? • W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.. What's That Sound? • W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. Norton.com. Retrieved on August 4, 2009

[13] Mac Arthur's Disco : Disco Clubs at Disco Music.com. Discotheques and Clubs of the 1970s/80s: "Mac Arthur's Disco". Disco Music.com. Retrieved on August 4, 2009.

[Cambridge-14] (1998) "The Cambridge History of American Music", ISBN 978-0-521-45429-2, ISBN 978-0-521-45429-2, p.372: "Initially, disco musicians and audiences alike belonged to marginalized communities: women, gay, black, and Latinos"

[Traces-15] (2002) "Traces of the Spirit: The Religious Dimensions of Popular Music", ISBN 978-0-8147-9809-6, ISBN 978-0-8147-9809-6, p.117: "New York City was the primary center of disco, and the original audience was primarily gay African Americans and Latinos."

[Italian-Americans_and_disco_2-16] Shapiro, Peter. "Turn the Beat Around: The Rise and Fall of Disco", Macmillan, 2006. p.204–206: " 'Broadly speaking, the typical New York discotheque DJ is young (between 18 and 30), Italian, and gay,' journalist Vince Lettie declared in 1975...Remarkably, almost all of the important early DJs were of Italian extraction...Italian Americans have played a significant role in America's dance music culture...While Italian Americans mostly from Brooklyn largely created disco from scratch..." .

[17] (1976) "Stereo Review", University of Michigan, p.75: " and the result—what has come to be called disco—was clearly the most compelling and influential form of black commercial pop music since the halcyon days of the "Motown Sound" of the middle Sixties."

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Podštýly
Disco
Pôvod v štýloch	funk^[1] rôzne soulove žánre^[2] • psychedelický rock^[3] • latinskoamerická hudba • afro-kubánska hudba • klasická hudba • swing^[4] • blues^[5]
Typické nástroje	dychová sekcia • husle • viola • bicí nástroj • perkusie • syntetizátor
Všeobecná popularita	1974 – 1980
Odvodené štýly	post-disco • Hi-NRG • house • eurodisco • space disco • italo-disco • hip-hop
Nu disco • Progressive disco • Disco-synth
Zmes štýlov
Disco-punk • disco-metal • disco bop
---- Pozri aj Hudobný portál