A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| Demographics of Syria | |
|---|---|
 Syria population pyramid in 2020 | |
| Population | 20,384,316 (CIA World Factbook July 2021 est.) |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | noun: Syrian(s) adjective: Syrian |
| Language | |
| Official | Arabic |
| Spoken | Kurdish, Turkish, Neo-Aramaic (Turoyo, Western Neo-Aramaic, Suret (Assyrian and Chaldean) |
Syria's estimated pre–Syrian Civil War 2011 population was 22 ±.5[1] million permanent inhabitants, which included 21,124,000 Syrians,[2] as well as 1.3 million Iraqi refugees[3] and over 500,000 Palestinian refugees.[3] The war makes an accurate count of the Syrian population difficult, as the numbers of Syrian refugees,[4] internally displaced Syrians and casualty numbers are in flux. The CIA World Factbook showed an estimated 20.4m people as of July 2021.[5] Of the pre-war population, six million are refugees outside the country, seven million are internally displaced, three million live in rebel-held territory, and two million live in the Kurdish-ruled Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria.
Most modern-day Syrians are described as Levantine Arabs by virtue of their modern-day language and bonds to Arab culture and history. Genetically, Syrian Arabs are a variety of diverse Semitic-speaking groups indigenous to the region.[6][7][8][9] With around 10% of the population, Kurds are the second biggest ethnic group in Syria, followed by Turkmen.
Human toll of Syrian Civil War
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-war population 22 ±.5; Internally displaced 6 ±.5, Refugees 5.5 ±.5, Fatalities 0.5 ±.1 (millions)[citation needed] | |||
| Syrian refugees | |||
| By country | Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey | ||
| Settlements | Camps: Jordan | ||
| Internally displaced Syrians | |||
| Casualties of the war | |||
| Crimes | Human rights violations, massacres, rape | ||
| Return of refugees, Refugees as weapons, Prosecution of war criminals | |||
Forced displacement
More than six million refugees left the country during the civil war,[10] of whom over five million are registered as refugees by the UNHCR as of mid-2019.[11] Most of them fled to neighboring countries such as Turkey,[12][13] Lebanon, Jordan,[14] and Iraq,[15] as well as European nations like Greece, Germany and Sweden. Since 2017, tens of thousands have returned.[16]
The war resulted in large-scale displacement in the country. The UNHCR estimates internally displaced people (IDPs) at seven million. A further 70,000 people were trapped on the border with Jordan at Rukban in 2016–18,[17][18] with up to 40,000 still there in 2019.[19]
A significant part of the population lives in territory outside government sovereignty. At its peak in 2015, ISIL ruled over ten million people across Syria and Iraq.[20] The Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (NES), commonly referred to as Rojava, has a population of around two million.[21] Areas controlled by the opposition have had a population in the millions. In mid-2017, UN OCHA estimated that around 540,000 persons were trapped in besieged areas as of June 2017, the majority besieged by government forces in Eastern Ghouta.[22] By the time the government retook Ghouta in April 2018, some 140,000 individuals had fled their homes and up to 50,000 were evacuated to Idlib and Aleppo governorates.[23] The latter rebel areas had an estimated population of 3 million (40% of them displaced from defeated rebel areas).[24][25] Fighting in Idlib has led to further displacements, of up to 250,000 people, and generating new refugee outflows to neighbouring Turkey.[26]
Displacement has led to demographic shifts. One example is the area in the North under control by Kurdish-led and US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). Many human rights groups, including Amnesty International[27] and international organizations[28][29] have accused SDF forces of committing ethnic cleansing in Arab areas they were capturing from other war factions.[30] The accusation was repeated on 8 May 2019 by Russia's foreign minister Sergey Lavrov.[31] NGOs and the opposition have also accused the government of using the conflict to affect demographic restructuring.[32][33][34][35]
Birth-death rate
In April 2016, the UN estimated that 400,000 people had died in the war,[36] and casualties have continued since, with estimates for the total dead by mid-2019 of up to 220,000 civilians, 175,000 government combatants, and 174,000 anti-government combatants (see Casualties of the Syrian Civil War).
Population
 | This section needs to be updated. (June 2023) |
Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1 BC | 2,110,000 | — |
| 200 | 2,860,000 | +35.5% |
| 500 | 2,430,000 | −15.0% |
| 900 | 2,200,000 | −9.5% |
| 1200 | 2,700,000 | +22.7% |
| 1500 | 1,070,000 | −60.4% |
| 1700 | 1,250,000 | +16.8% |
| 1850 | 1,480,000 | +18.4% |
| 1900 | 1,720,000 | +16.2% |
| 1937 | 2,368,000 | +37.7% |
| 1950 | 3,252,000 | +37.3% |
| 1960 | 4,565,000 | +40.4% |
| 1970 | 6,305,000 | +38.1% |
| 1980 | 8,704,000 | +38.0% |
| 1990 | 12,116,000 | +39.2% |
| 1995 | 14,186,000 | +17.1% |
| 2004 | 17,921,000 | +26.3% |
| 2011 | 21,124,000 | +17.9% |
| 2016 | 17,185,000 | −18.6% |
| 2017 | 18,029,549 | +4.9% |
| 2023 | 23,022,427 | +27.7% |
| Source:[37][38][39] 2016 estimate[40] 2023 estimate[41] | ||
In 1200, the territories of modern-day Syria had an estimated population of 2.7 million.[37] This number sharply decreased due to the Plague epidemic in 1348–1353, which killed off an estimated third of the Levant's population. By 1937, the population reached an estimated 2,368,000, still considerably lower than 1200's estimated population.
Modern population
Since 1960, censuses have been conducted in 1960, 1970, 1981, 1994 and 2004.[42] In 2014, 17,951,639, a massive decline due to nearly 4 million Syrian refugees leaving the country because of the Syrian Civil War and furthermore because of the death in the war. This is a drop of 9.7% from the previous year.[43]
In 2017, the head of the Syrian Commission for Family Affairs, Mohammad Akram al-Qash, said that the Syrian population was 28 million, of which, 21 million were living in Syria and that 7 million were refugees.[44] In 2018, the population was estimated to be 19,454,263 people.[45] Ever since the Syrian Civil War, the population has been steadily declining, however rebounded in 2023, with an estimated population of 23,022,427 people.
Age structure
| Population pyramid | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 3,132,619 |
2,974,394
|
| 15–24 | 1,933,185 |
1,863,991
|
| 25–54 | 3,807,664 |
3,829,150
|
| 55–64 | 531,455 |
542,738
|
| 65+ | 379,360 |
379,360
|
| Population pyramid | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 4,044,000 |
6,281,000
|
| 15–64 | 6,281,000 |
6,126,000
|
| 65+ | 469,000 |
389,000
|
| (2011-07-01) (Estimates, including Palestinian refugees)[46] | ||||
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 10 794 000 | 10 330 000 | 21 124 000 | 100 |
| 0-4 | 1 428 000 | 1 347 000 | 2 775 000 | 13.14 |
| 5-9 | 1 384 000 | 1 270 000 | 2 654 000 | 12.56 |
| 10-14 | 1 232 000 | 1 198 000 | 2 430 000 | 11.50 |
| 15-19 | 1 191 000 | 1 088 000 | 2 279 000 | 10.79 |
| 20-24 | 1 035 000 | 944 000 | 1 979 000 | 9.37 |
| 25-29 | 864 000 | 873 000 | 1 737 000 | 8.22 |
| 30-34 | 674 000 | 697 000 | 1 371 000 | 6.49 |
| 35-39 | 601 000 | 628 000 | 1 229 000 | 5.82 |
| 40-44 | 545 000 | 551 000 | 1 096 000 | 5.19 |
| 45-49 | 437 000 | 433 000 | 870 000 | 4.12 |
| 50-54 | 387 000 | 405 000 | 792 000 | 3.75 |
| 55-59 | 293 000 | 280 000 | 573 000 | 2.71 |
| 60-64 | 254 000 | 227 000 | 481 000 | 2.28 |
| 65+ | 469 000 | 389 000 | 858 000 | 4.06 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 4 044 000 | 3 815 000 | 7 859 000 | 37.20 |
| 15–64 | 6 281 000 | 6 126 000 | 12 407 000 | 58.73 |
| 65+ | 469 000 | 389 000 | 858 000 | 4.06 |
Population
This data is from CIA World Factbook:[45] In 2023, the Syrian population increased by 6.39%. This made Syria the country with the highest population growth. The birth rate was estimated at 22.19 births per 1000 people. The death rate is 4.07 deaths for 1000 people. The median age (estimated in 2020) for males is 23 years old, while for females it is 24 years old. Overall, the Syrian median age is 23.5 years old. The migration rate is 45.78 migrants for 1,000 people. The gender ratio is as follows:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0–14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
Demographic statistics
UN estimates:[47]
| Period | Population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Birth rate (per 1000) |
Death rate (per 1000) |
Natural change (per 1000) |
Total Fertility rate | Infant mortality (1000 births) | Life expectancy (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 3 544 000 | 167 000 | 92 000 | 75 000 | 47.0 | 25.9 | 21.1 | 7.60 | 179.6 | 44.14 |
| 1951 | 3 621 000 | 171 000 | 92 000 | 80 000 | 47.3 | 25.4 | 22.0 | 7.60 | 177.5 | 44.45 |
| 1952 | 3 703 000 | 176 000 | 91 000 | 85 000 | 47.6 | 24.7 | 23.0 | 7.61 | 173.3 | 44.99 |
| 1953 | 3 791 000 | 182 000 | 90 000 | 91 000 | 47.9 | 23.9 | 24.0 | 7.61 | 169.1 | 45.70 |
| 1954 | 3 886 000 | 187 000 | 88 000 | 99 000 | 48.0 | 22.6 | 25.5 | 7.62 | 160.2 | 46.97 |
| 1955 | 3 989 000 | 192 000 | 85 000 | 107 000 | 48.2 | 21.3 | 26.8 | 7.62 | 151.7 | 48.31 |
| 1956 | 4 099 000 | 197 000 | 83 000 | 114 000 | 48.0 | 20.3 | 27.7 | 7.59 | 143.9 | 49.39 |
| 1957 | 4 217 000 | 202 000 | 81 000 | 121 000 | 47.8 | 19.1 | 28.7 | 7.57 | 136.6 | 50.58 |
| 1958 | 4 341 000 | 207 000 | 79 000 | 128 000 | 47.6 | 18.2 | 29.4 | 7.54 | 129.9 | 51.57 |
| 1959 | 4 473 000 | 212 000 | 77 000 | 135 000 | 47.3 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Demographics_of_Syria