Conservative government, 1957–1964 - Biblioteka.sk

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Conservative government, 1957–1964
 ...

Harold Macmillan led the Government from 1957–1963 and was succeeded by Lord (Alec) Home.
Alec Douglas-Home led the Government from 1963. He was defeated at the 1964 general election.

The Conservative government of the United Kingdom that began in 1957 and ended in 1964 consisted of three ministries: the first Macmillan ministry, second Macmillan ministry, and then the Douglas-Home ministry. They were respectively led by Harold Macmillan and Sir Alec Douglas-Home, who were appointed by Queen Elizabeth II.

History

Formation of the first Macmillan ministry

Sir Anthony Eden resigned from his positions of Leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 10 January 1957. This was mainly a consequence of the Suez Crisis fiasco of the previous autumn, but was also owing to his increasingly failing health. Harold Macmillan, formerly Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer, was chosen over Rab Butler as the new party leader and consequently as Prime Minister.

Harold Macmillan tried to placate Butler, who had stood against Macmillan as leader, by appointing him to the senior position of Home Secretary. Peter Thorneycroft became Chancellor of the Exchequer, but caused embarrassment for Macmillan when he resigned only a year later. He was replaced by Derick Heathcoat Amory, previously Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Selwyn Lloyd was retained as Foreign Secretary, a post he held until 1960, when he succeeded Heathcoat Amory as Chancellor. Ernest Marples became Minister for Transport and the Earl of Home was promoted to Leader of the House of Lords and also continued as Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs, before replacing Lloyd as Foreign Secretary in 1960. Lord Kilmuir and Alan Lennox-Boyd retained their offices of Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for the Colonies respectively, while Lord Hailsham became a member of the cabinet for the first time as Minister of Education. Future Chancellor Iain Macleod was appointed Minister of Labour and National Service and succeeded Lennox-Boyd as Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1961.

1959 general election and second Macmillan ministry

The Conservatives comfortably won the 1959 general election, increasing their majority in the House of Commons, following a campaign slogan "Life's better with the Conservatives". This centred on the consistently low unemployment, strong economy and rising standard of living that much of the British population was enjoying in the late 1950s.

However, a series of economic measures in the early 1960s caused the popularity of the Conservative Party to decline. Macmillan tried to remedy this by a major cabinet reshuffle in July 1962. Seven cabinet members were sacked in what became nicknamed the "Night of the Long Knives". Notably, the emerging Reginald Maudling replaced Selwyn Lloyd as Chancellor, and Lord Kilmuir was replaced as Lord Chancellor by Lord Dilhorne, while Peter Thorneycroft returned to the cabinet as Minister of Defence. Rab Butler was also promoted to the office of First Secretary of State. The reshuffle was controversial within the Conservative Party, and was seen as a betrayal by many. Macmillan's credibility was also affected by the 1963 Profumo affair; he was now in his 69th year, and had until after his 70th birthday to call the next general election. The election of Harold Wilson as Labour Party leader early in the year, following the sudden death of Hugh Gaitskell, was well received by voters, with opinion polls showing the Labour Party ascendant.

However, it was still considered a surprise when Macmillan resigned in October 1963.

Douglas-Home becomes Prime Minister

Macmillan's resignation saw a three-way tussle for the party leadership and premiership. Given that it was not considered appropriate for a Prime Minister to be a member of the House of Lords, the Earl of Home and Lord Hailsham both disclaimed their peerages under the Peerage Act 1963, and became known respectively as Sir Alec Douglas-Home and Quintin Hogg. Rab Butler was also in the running for the post, but Douglas-Home was finally chosen to succeed Macmillan. This was seen as controversial, for it was alleged that Macmillan had pulled strings and used the party's grandees, nicknamed "The Magic Circle", to ensure that Butler was once again overlooked.

In the Douglas-Home ministry, Rab Butler became Foreign Secretary, and Henry Brooke replaced Butler as Home Secretary. Reginald Maudling continued as Chancellor, while Quintin Hogg remained as Lord President of the Council and Minister for Sports. He could not continue as Leader of the House of Lords, having ceased to be a member of it, but was made Minister for Education in April 1964. Selwyn Lloyd also returned to the government after a one-year absence, as Leader of the House of Commons. Douglas-Home's government was defeated in the October 1964 general election. He remained party leader until July 1965.

The 1957–1964 Conservative government saw several emerging figures who would later attain high office. Future Prime Minister Edward Heath became a member of the cabinet for the first time as Minister of Labour and National Service in 1959, while another future Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, held her first government post in 1961 as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions. The government also included future Chancellor Anthony Barber, future Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister William Whitelaw and future Secretary of State for Education and Science Sir Keith Joseph. Other notable government members included Enoch Powell, Lord Carrington, David Ormsby-Gore, John Profumo, Christopher Soames, Bill Deedes, Airey Neave and the Marquess of Salisbury.

Cabinets

First Macmillan ministry

Macmillan ministries

Cabinet of the United Kingdom
  • 1957–1959
  • 1959–1963
Macmillan (1959)
Date formed
  • First: 10 January 1957 (1957-01-10)
  • Second: 8 October 1959 (1959-10-08)
Date dissolved
  • First: 8 October 1959 (1959-10-08)
  • Second: 18 October 1963 (1963-10-18)
People and organisations
MonarchElizabeth II
Prime MinisterHarold Macmillan
Prime Minister's history1957–1963
Deputy Prime MinisterRab Butler (1962–1963)
Ministers removed"Night of the Long Knives"
Member party  Conservative Party
Status in legislatureMajority
345 / 630 (55%)
(1957)
365 / 630 (58%)
(1959)
Opposition party  Labour Party
Opposition leader
History
Election(s)1959 general election
Legislature term(s)
PredecessorEden ministry
SuccessorDouglas-Home ministry

January 1957 – October 1959

Changes
  • March 1957 – Earl of Home succeeds Marquess of Salisbury as Lord President, remaining also Commonwealth Relations Secretary.
  • September 1957 – Viscount Hailsham succeeds Earl of Home as Lord President, Home remaining Commonwealth Relations Secretary. Geoffrey Lloyd succeeds Hailsham as Minister of Education. The Paymaster-General, Reginald Maudling, enters the Cabinet.
  • January 1958 – Derick Heathcoat Amory succeeds Peter Thorneycroft as Chancellor of the Exchequer. John Hare succeeds Amory as Minister of Agriculture.

Second Macmillan ministry

October 1959 – July 1960

July 1960 – October 1961

October 1961 – July 1962

July 1962 – October 1963

In a radical reshuffle dubbed "The Night of the Long Knives", Macmillan sacked a third of his Cabinet and instituted many other changes.

Douglas-Home ministry

"Home administration" redirects here. For the committee, see Committee on Home Administration.
Douglas-Home ministry

Cabinet of the United Kingdom
1963–1964
Douglas-Home (c. 1963)
Date formed19 October 1963 (1963-10-19)
Date dissolved16 October 1964 (1964-10-16)
People and organisations
MonarchElizabeth II
Prime MinisterSir Alec Douglas-Home
Member party  Conservative Party
Status in legislatureMajority
365 / 630 (58%)
Opposition party  Labour Party
Opposition leaderHarold Wilson
History
Outgoing election1964 general election
Legislature term(s)42nd UK Parliament
PredecessorSecond Macmillan ministry
SuccessorFirst Wilson ministry

October 1963 – October 1964

Changes
  • April 1964 – Quintin Hogg became Secretary of State for Education and Science. Peter Thorneycroft's position became Secretary of State for Defence. Sir Edward Boyle left the cabinet

List of ministers

Members of the Cabinet are in bold face.

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Conservative_government,_1957–1964
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Office Name Dates Notes
Prime Minister
and First Lord of the Treasury		 Harold Macmillan 10 January 1957 – 13 October 1963  
Sir Alec Douglas-Home 18 October 1963 – 16 October 1964 Until 23 October 1963, when he renounced his hereditary peerage, he was The Earl of Home and was known as Lord Home
First Secretary of State R. A. Butler 13 July 1962 Office wound up 18 October 1963
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain The Viscount Kilmuir 14 January 1957 Continued in office
The Lord Dilhorne 13 July 1962  
Lord President of the Council The Marquess of Salisbury 13 January 1957 also Leader of the House of Lords
The Earl of Home 29 March 1957 also Leader of the House of Lords
The Viscount Hailsham 17 September 1957
The Earl of Home 14 October 1959 also Leader of the House of Lords
The Viscount Hailsham 27 July 1960 Also Minister for Science until 1964 and Leader of the House of Lords until 20 October 1963
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal R. A. Butler 13 January 1957 Also Home Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons
The Viscount Hailsham 14 October 1959 Also Minister for Science
Edward Heath 27 July 1960  
Selwyn Lloyd 20 October 1963 also Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer Peter Thorneycroft 13 January 1957  
Derick Heathcoat-Amory 6 January 1958  
Selwyn Lloyd 27 July 1960  
Reginald Maudling 13 July 1962  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury Edward Heath 17 January 1957  
Martin Redmayne 14 October 1959  
Financial Secretary to the Treasury Enoch Powell 16 January 1957  
Jocelyn Simon 6 January 1958  
Sir Edward Boyle 22 October 1959  
Anthony Barber 16 July 1962  
Alan Green 23 October 1963  
Economic Secretary to the Treasury Nigel Birch 16 January 1957 Office vacant from 6 January 1958
Frederick Erroll 23 October 1958  
Anthony Barber 22 October 1959  
Edward du Cann 16 July 1962  
Maurice Macmillan 21 October 1963  
Lords of the Treasury Martin Redmayne 21 January 1957 – 14 October 1959  
Peter Legh 21 January 1957 – 17 September 1957  
Edward Wakefield 21 January 1957 – 23 October 1958  
Harwood Harrison 21 January 1957 – 16 January 1959  
Anthony Barber 9 April 1957 – 19 February 1958  
Richard Brooman-White 28 October 1957 – 21 June 1958  
Paul Bryan 19 February 1958 – 9 February 1961  
Michael Hughes-Young 23 October 1958 – 6 March 1962  
Graeme Bell Finlay 16 January 1959 – 28 October 1960  
David Gibson-Watt 22 October 1959 – 29 November 1961  
Robin Chichester-Clark 21 June 1960 – 29 November 1961  
John Hill 28 October 1960 – 16 October 1964  
William Whitelaw 6 March 1961 – 16 July 1962  
John Peel 29 November 1961 – 16 October 1964  
Michael Noble 29 November 1961 – 13 July 1962  
Francis Pearson 6 March 1962 – 19 October 1963  
Gordon Campbell 6 September 1962 – 12 December 1963  
Michael Hamilton 6 September 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Martin McLaren 21 November 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Ian MacArthur 12 December 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Selwyn Lloyd 14 January 1957  
The Earl of Home 27 July 1960  
Rab Butler 20 October 1963  
Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Allan Noble 16 January 1957 – 16 January 1959  
David Ormsby-Gore 16 January 1957 – 27 June 1961  
John Profumo 16 January 1959 – 27 July 1960  
Joseph Godber 27 June 1961 – 27 June 1963  
The Earl of Dundee 9 October 1961 – 16 October 1964  
Peter Thomas 27 June 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs The Earl of Gosford 18 January 1957 – 23 October 1958  
Ian Harvey 18 January 1957 – 24 November 1958  
The Marquess of Lansdowne 23 October 1958 – 20 April 1962  
John Profumo 28 November 1958 – 16 January 1959  
Robert Allan 16 January 1959 – 7 October 1960  
Joseph Godber 28 October 1960 – 27 June 1961  
Peter Thomas 27 June 1961 – 27 June 1963  
Peter Smithers 16 July 1962 – 29 January 1964  
Robert Mathew 30 January 1964 – 16 October 1964  
Secretary of State for the Home Department R. A. Butler 13 January 1957 also Leader of the House of Commons until 1961
Henry Brooke 13 July 1963  
Minister of State for Home Affairs Dennis Vosper 28 October 1960 New office
David Renton 27 June 1961  
The Earl Jellicoe 17 July 1962  
The Lord Derwent 21 October 1963  
Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department Patricia Hornsby-Smith 18 January 1957 – 22 October 1959  
Jocelyn Simon 18 January 1957 – 6 January 1958  
David Renton 17 January 1958 – 27 June 1961  
Dennis Vosper 22 October 1959 – 28 October 1960  
The Earl Bathurst 8 February 1961 – 16 July 1962  
Charles Fletcher-Cooke 27 June 1961 – 27 February 1963  
Christopher Montague Woodhouse 16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Mervyn Pike 1 March 1963 – 16 October 1964  
First Lord of the Admiralty The Earl of Selkirk 16 January 1957  
The Lord Carrington 16 October 1959  
The Earl Jellicoe 22 October 1963 Office reorganised 1 April 1964 under Ministry of Defence
Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty Christopher Soames 18 January 1957  
Robert Allan 17 January 1958  
Charles Ian Orr-Ewing 16 January 1959 Office vacant 16 October 1959
Civil Lord of the Admiralty Tam Galbraith 18 January 1957  
Ian Orr-Ewing 16 October 1959  
John Hay 3 May 1963  
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Derick Heathcoat Amory 14 January 1957  
John Hare 6 January 1958  
Christopher Soames 27 July 1960  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food The Earl St Aldwyn 18 January 1957  
Joseph Godber 18 January 1957 – 28 October 1960  
The Earl Waldegrave 27 June 1958 – 16 July 1962  
William Vane 28 October 1960 – 16 July 1962  
The Lord St Oswald 16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
James Scott-Hopkins 16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Secretary of State for Air George Ward 16 January 1957  
Julian Amery 28 October 1960