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Comparison of archive formats
...This is a list of file formats used by archivers and compressors used to create archive files.
Archiving only
| File extension(s)[1] | MIME type[2] | Official name[3] | Platform[4] | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .a, .ar | application/x-archive | Unix Archiver | Unix-like | The traditional archive format on Unix-like systems, now used mainly for the creation of static libraries. |
| .cpio | application/x-cpio | cpio | Unix-like | RPM files consist of metadata concatenated with (usually) a cpio archive. Newer RPM systems also support other archives, as cpio is becoming obsolete. cpio is also used with initramfs. |
| .shar | application/x-shar | Shell archive | Unix-like | A self-extracting archive that uses the Bourne shell (sh). |
| .LBR | .LBR | CP/M
DOS |
A system for storing multiple files. LBR archives typically contained files processed by SQ, or the archive itself was compressed with SQ. LBR archives that were compressed with SQ ended with the extension .LQR | |
| .iso | application/x-iso9660-image | ISO-9660 image | (Various; cross platform) | An archive format originally used mainly for archiving and distribution of the exact, nearly-exact, or custom-modified contents of an optical storage medium such as a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM. However, it can be used to archive the contents of other storage media, selected partitions, folders, and/or files. The resulting archive is typically optimized for convenient rendering to (re-)writable CD or DVD media. |
| .lbr | Commodore 64/128 | A library format used primarily on the Commodore 64 and 128 lines of computers. This bears no resemblance to the DOS LBR format. While library files were quick to implement (a number of programs exist to work with them) they are crippled in that they cannot grow with use: once a file has been created it cannot be amended (files added, changed or deleted) without recreating the entire file. | ||
| .mar | Mozilla ARchive | (Various; cross platform) | An archive format used by Mozilla for storing binary diffs. Used in conjunction with bzip2. | |
| .sbx | application/x-sbx | SeqBox | (Various; cross platform) | A single file container/archive that can be reconstructed even after total loss of file system structures. |
| .tar | application/x-tar | Tape archive | Unix-like | A common archive format used on Unix-like systems. Generally used in conjunction with compressors such as gzip, bzip2, compress or xz to create .tar.gz, .tar.bz2, .tar.Z or tar.xz files. |
Compression only
| File extension(s)[1] | MIME type[2] | Official name[3] | Platform[4] | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .br | application/x-brotli | Brotli | all | Brotli is a compression algorithm developed by Google for textual web content, and typically achieves higher compression ratios than other algorithms for this use case. |
| .bz2 | application/x-bzip2 | bzip2 | Unix-like | An open source, patent- and royalty-free compression format. The compression algorithm is a Burrows–Wheeler transform followed by a move-to-front transform and finally Huffman coding. |
| .F, .?XF[5] | Freeze/melt | QNX4, Unix-like and DOS | Old compressor for QNX4 OS. The compression algorithm is a modified LZSS, with an adaptive Huffman coding. | |
| .genozip | application/vnd.genozip | genozip | Linux, macOS, Windows | Genozip, a compressor for genomic file formats such as FASTQ, BAM, VCF and others.[6] |
| .gz | application/gzip[7] | gzip | Unix-like | GNU Zip, the primary compression format used by Unix-like systems. The compression algorithm is Deflate, which combines LZSS with Huffman coding. |
| .lz | application/x-lzip | lzip | Unix-like | An alternate LZMA algorithm implementation, with support for checksums and ident bytes. |
| .lz4 | LZ4 | Unix-like | Algorithm developed by Yann Collet, designed for very high (de)compression speeds. It is an LZ77 derivative, without entropy encoding. | |
| .lzma | application/x-lzma | lzma | Unix-like | The LZMA compression algorithm as used by 7-Zip. |
| .lzo | application/x-lzop | lzop | Unix-like | An implementation of the LZO data compression algorithm. |
| .rz | rzip | Unix-like | A compression program designed to do particularly well on very large files containing long distance redundancy. | |
| .sfark | sfArk | Windows compress/decompress- Linux and macOS decompress only | A compression program designed to do high compression on SF2 files (SoundFont). | |
| .sz | application/x-snappy-framed | Snappy | Unix-like | A compression format developed by Google, and open-sourced in 2011. Snappy aims for very high speeds, reasonable compression, and maximum stability rather than maximum compression or compatibility with any other compression library. It is an LZ77 derivative, without entropy encoding. |
| .?Q? | SQ | CP/M and DOS | Squeeze: A program which compressed files using Huffman coding. A file which was "squeezed" had the middle initial of the name changed to "Q", so that a squeezed text file would end with .TQT, a squeezed executable would end with .CQM or .EQE. Typically used with .LBR archives, either by storing the squeezed files in the archive, or by storing the files decompressed and then compressing the archive, which would have a name ending in ".LQR". | |
| .?Z? | CRUNCH | CP/M and DOS | A compression program written by Steven Greenberg implementing the LZW algorithm. For several years in the CP/M world when no implementation was available of ARC, CRUNCHed files stored in .LBR archives were very popular. CRUNCH's implementation of LZW had a somewhat unusual feature of modifying and occasionally clearing the code table in memory when it became full, resulting in a few percent better compression on many files. | |
| .xz | application/x-xz | xz | Unix-like | A compression format using LZMA2 to yield high compression ratios. The LZMA algorithm is an LZ77 derivative, with entropy encoding in the form of range encoding. |
| .z | application/x-compress | pack | Unix-like | The traditional Huffman coding compression format. |
| .Z | application/x-compress | compress | Unix-like | The traditional LZW compression format. |
| .zst | application/zstd | Zstandard | Cross-platform | Algorithm developed by Yann Collet at Facebook, combining high speed and high compression. It is an LZ77 derivative, with entropy encoding in the form of finite-state entropy and Huffman coding. |
| .??_ | MS-DOS/Windows | Compression format(s) used by some DOS and Windows install programs. MS-DOS includes expand.exe to decompress its install files. The compressed files are created with a matching compress.exe command. The compression algorithm is LZSS. |
Archiving and compression
| File extension(s)[1] | MIME type[2] | Official name[3] | Creation platform[4] | Restoration platform[8] | Restorable with free software[9] | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| .7z | application/x-7z-compressed | 7z | Multiple | Multiple | Yes | Open source file format. Used by 7-Zip. |
| .s7z | application/x-7z-compressed | 7zX | macOS | macOS, restoration on different platforms is possible although not immediate | Yes | Based on 7z. Preserves Spotlight metadata, resource forks, owner/group information, dates and other data which would be otherwise lost with compression.
Made obsolete by the introduction of AppleDouble-encoded 7z archives (Macintosh only). |
| .aar | application/octet-stream | Apple Archive | macOS | macOS | No | Created by Apple introduced with iOS 14 in 2020. |
| .ace | application/x-ace-compressed | ACE | Windows | Multiple | Yes | Proprietary format |
| .afa | application/x-astrotite-afa | AFA | UNIX-like | UNIX-like | No | A format that compresses and doubly encrypt the data (AES256 and CAS256) avoiding brute force attacks, also hide files in an AFA file. It has two ways to safeguard data integrity and subsequent repair of the file if has an error (repair with AstroA2P (online) or Astrotite (offline)). |
| .alz | application/x-alz-compressed | ALZip | Windows | Multiple | Yes | A mainly Korean format designed for very large archives. |
| .apk | application/vnd.android.package-archive | APK | Multiple | Multiple | Yes | Android application package (variant of JAR file format). |
| .arc, .ark | application/octet-stream | ARC | Multiple | Multiple | Yes | Very popular in the early days of BBSes, one of the first to offer compression and archiving in a single program. Largely replaced by PKZIP. |
| .arc, .cdx | application/x-freearc | FreeArc | Windows, Linux | Windows, Linux | Yes | Open source file format developed by Bulat Ziganshin. A "FreeArc Next" version is under development which includes Zstandard support. |
| .arj | application/x-arj | ARJ | Originally DOS, now multiple | Multiple | Yes | Competitor to PKZIP in the 1990s, offered better multi-part archive handling. |
| .b1 | application/x-b1 | B1 | Multiple | Multiple | Yes | Open archive format, used by B1 Free Archiver (http://dev.b1.org/standard/archive-format.html) |
| .b6z | B6Z | macOS | Multiple | Yes | Compressed archive format B6Zip | |
| .ba | Scifer | Multiple | Multiple | Yes | Binary Archive with external header | |
| .bh | BlakHole | Yes | Proprietary format from the ZipTV Compression Components | |||
| .cab | application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed | Cabinet | Windows | Multiple | Yes | The Microsoft Windows native archive format, which is also used by many commercial installers such as WISE. |
| .car | Compressia archive | Originally DOS, now DOS and Windows | Originally DOS, now DOS and Windows | Yes | Created by Yaakov Gringeler; released last in 2003 (Compressia 1.0.0.1 beta), now apparently defunct. Free trial of 30 days lets user create and extract archives; after that it is possible to extract, but not to create. | |
| .cfs | application/x-cfs-compressed | Compact File Set | Windows, Unix-like including macOS | Multiple | Yes | Open source file format. |
| .cpt | Compact Pro | Classic Mac OS | Multiple | Yes | Compact Pro archive, a common archiver used on Mac platforms until about Mac OS 7.5.x. Competed with StuffIt; now obsolete. | |
| .dar | application/x-dar | Disk Archiver | Unix-like including macOS | Unix-like including macOS, Windows | Yes | Open source file format. Files are compressed individually with either gzip, bzip2 or lzo. |
| .dd | DiskDoubler | Classic Mac OS | Obsolete | |||
| .dgc | application/x-dgc-compressed | DGCA | Windows | Windows | ||
| .dmg | application/x-apple-diskimage | Apple Disk Image | macOS | macOS, Windows, Linux | Yes | Supports "Internet-enabled" disk images, which, once downloaded, are automatically decompressed, mounted, have the contents extracted, and thrown away. Currently, Safari is the only browser that supports this form of extraction; however, the images can be manually extracted as well. This format can also be password-protected or encrypted with 128-bit or 256-bit AES encryption. |
| .ear | EAR | Multiple | Multiple | Yes | Enterprise Java Archive archive | |
| .gca | application/x-gca-compressed | GCA | The predecessor of DGCA. | |||
| .genozip | Genozip | Linux, macOS, Windows | Linux, macOS, Windows | No | Optimized for (but not limited to) genomic file types such as FASTQ, BAM, VCF | |
| .ha | Originally DOS, now multiple | Multiple | Yes, but may be covered by patents | DOS era format; uses arithmetic/Markov coding | ||
| .hki | WinHKI Archived 2006-12-05 at the Wayback Machine | MS Windows | MS Windows | No | HKI | |
| .ice | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Comparison_of_archive_formats |