A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
A civil parish is a country subdivision, forming the lowest unit of local government in England. There are 14 civil parishes in the ceremonial county of Greater Manchester, most of the county being unparished; Bury, Rochdale, Salford and Stockport are completely unparished. At the 2001 census, there were 129,325 people living in the civil parishes, accounting for 5.2% of the county's population.
History
Parishes arose from Church of England divisions, and were originally purely ecclesiastical divisions. Over time they acquired civil administration powers.[1]
The Highways Act 1555 made parishes responsible for the upkeep of roads. Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses; the work was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, the Surveyor of Highways.[2]
The poor were looked after by the monasteries, until their dissolution. In 1572, magistrates were given power to 'survey the poor' and impose taxes for their relief. This system was made more formal by the Poor Law Act 1601, which made parishes responsible for administering the Poor Law; overseers were appointed to charge a rate to support the poor of the parish.[3] The 19th century saw an increase in the responsibility of parishes, although the Poor Law powers were transferred to Poor Law Unions.[4] The Public Health Act 1872 grouped parishes into rural sanitary districts, based on the poor law unions; these subsequently formed the basis for rural districts.[5]
Parishes were run by vestries, meeting annually to appoint officials, and were generally identical to ecclesiastical parishes,[6] although some townships in large parishes administered the Poor Law themselves; under the Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882, all extra-parochial areas and townships that levied a separate rate became independent civil parishes.[7]
Civil parishes in their modern sense date from the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73), which abolished vestries; established elected parish councils in all rural parishes with more than 300 electors; grouped rural parishes into rural districts; and aligned parish boundaries with county and borough boundaries.[7] Urban civil parishes continued to exist, and were generally coterminous with the urban district, municipal borough or county borough in which they were situated; many large towns contained a number of parishes, and these were usually merged into one. Parish councils were not formed in urban areas, and the only function of the parish was to elect guardians to poor law unions; with the abolition of the Poor Law system in 1930 the parishes had only a nominal existence.[8]
The Local Government Act 1972 retained civil parishes in rural areas, and many former urban districts and municipal boroughs that were being abolished, were replaced by new successor parishes; urban areas that were considered too large to be single parishes became unparished areas.[9]
The current position
Recent governments have encouraged the formation of town and parish councils in unparished areas, and the Local Government and Rating Act 1997 gave local residents the right to demand the creation of a new civil parish.[10]
A parish council can become a town council unilaterally, simply by resolution;[9] and a civil parish can also gain city status, but only if that is granted by the Crown.[9] The chairman of a town or city council is called a mayor.[9] The Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 introduced alternative names: a parish council can now choose to be called a community; village; or neighbourhood council.[11]
List of civil parishes and unparished areas
See also
References
- ^ Angus Winchester, 2000, Discovering Parish Boundaries. Shire Publications. Princes Risborough, 96 pages ISBN 978-0-7478-0470-3
- ^ RAC Foundation : What Went Wrong? British Highway Development Before Motorways Retrieved 2009-08-22 [dead link]
- ^ The Victorian Web : The Poor Law : Introduction Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Staffordshire University : Poor Law Unions and Registration Districts Archived 2012-09-14 at archive.today Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Status Details for Rural Sanitary District Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Robert Tittler, The Reformation and the Towns in England, 1998, Oxford University Press, 395 pages, ISBN 978-0-19-820718-4
- ^ a b Modern British Surnames : Selected Events in the History of Civil Registration and Boundary Changes 1801-1996 Archived August 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Alex MacMorran and T R Colquhoun Dill, The Local Government Act 1894 and the Subsequent Statutes Affecting Parish Councils, 1907, Butterworth and Co, London, 626 pages
- ^ a b c d Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government Act 1972 Archived 2012-12-05 at archive.today Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government and Rating Act 1997 Archived 2012-08-05 at archive.today Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ Office of Public Sector Information : Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007 Archived 2012-08-05 at archive.today Retrieved 2009-08-22
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Blackrod Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Bolton Retrieved 2009-08-24
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Bolton County Borough Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Astley Bridge; Blackrod (part); Bradshaw (part); Breightmet; Burnden; Central; Daubhill; Deane cum Heaton; Derby; Halliwell; Harper Green (part); Hulton Park (part); Little Lever (part); Smithills; and Tonge wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Farnworth Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Farnworth; Harper Green (part); and Kearsley (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Horwich Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 [dead link]
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Kearsley Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Kearsley (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Little Lever Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived April 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Little Lever (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Turton Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Bradshaw (part); and Bromley Cross wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Westhoughton Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 [dead link]
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Bury County Borough Retrieved 2009-08-23 [dead link]
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Church; East; Elton; Moorside; Redvales; and Unsworth wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Prestwich Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Holyrood; Sedgley; and St Mary's wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ a Vision of Britain Through Time : Radcliffe Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Radcliffe Central; Radcliffe North; and Radcliffe South (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Ramsbottom Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Ramsbottom ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Tottington Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Tottington ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Whitefield Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Besses; Pilkington Park; and Radcliffe South (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Manchester County Borough Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Ardwick; Baguley; Barlow Moor; Benchill; Beswick and Clayton; Blackley; Bradford; Brooklands; Burnage; Central; Charlestown; Cheetham; Chorlton; Crumpsall; Didsbury; Fallowfield; Gorton North; Gorton South; Harpurhey; Hulme; Levenshulme; Lightbowne; Longsight; Moss Side; Newton Heath; Northenden; Old Moat; Rusholme; Sharston; Whalley Range; Withington; and Woodhouse Park (part) wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ a b c d e A Vision of Britain Through Time : Bucklow Rural District Retrieved 2009-08-23 [dead link]
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Manchester Archived 13 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2009-08-24
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Chadderton Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Chadderton Central; Chadderton North; and Chadderton South wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Failsworth Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Failsworth East; and Failsworth West wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Lees Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Lees (part) ward. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Oldham County Borough Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Alexandra; Coldhurst; Hollinwood; Lees (part); St James'; St Mary's; St Pauls; Waterhead; and Werneth wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Royton Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Royton North; and Royton South wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Saddleworth Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 [dead link]
- ^ a b Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Oldham Archived 13 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2009-08-24
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Crompton Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Heywood Municipal Borough Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Heywood North; Heywood South; and Heywood West wards. Retrieved 2009-08-26
- ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time : Littleborough Urban District Retrieved 2009-08-23 Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Civil_parishes_in_Greater_Manchester
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.
Antropológia
Aplikované vedy
Bibliometria
Dejiny vedy
Encyklopédie
Filozofia vedy
Forenzné vedy
Humanitné vedy
Knižničná veda
Kryogenika
Kryptológia
Kulturológia
Literárna veda
Medzidisciplinárne oblasti
Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy
Metavedy
Metodika
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative
Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších
podmienok.
Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky
použitia.
www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk