A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
Bielefeld | |
|---|---|
 Bielefeld as seen from Sparrenburg Castle | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Districts of Bielefeld: Bielefeld-Mitte (downtown), Brackwede, Dornberg, Gadderbaum, Heepen, Jöllenbeck, Schildesche, Senne, Sennestadt and Stieghorst  | |
  Bielefeld  Bielefeld | |
| Coordinates: 52°01′16″N 08°32′05″E / 52.02111°N 8.53472°E | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Admin. region | Detmold |
| District | Urban district |
| Founded | 1214 |
| Subdivisions | 10 districts |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–25) | Pit Clausen[1] (SPD) |
| Area | |
| • City | 257.8 km2 (99.5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 118 m (387 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
| • City | 338,332 |
| • Density | 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 591,862 |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 33602–33739 |
| Dialling codes | 0521, 05202, 05203, 05205, 05206, 05208, 05209 |
| Vehicle registration | BI |
| Website | bielefeld.de |
Bielefeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbiːləfɛlt] ⓘ) is a city in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe Region in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population of 341,755,[3] it is also the most populous city in the administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of Detmold and the 18th largest city in Germany.
The historical centre of the city is situated north of the Teutoburg Forest line of hills, but modern Bielefeld also incorporates boroughs on the opposite side and on the hills. The city is situated on the Hermannsweg, a hiking trail which runs for 156 km along the length of the Teutoburg Forest.[4]
Bielefeld is home to a significant number of internationally operating companies, including Dr. Oetker, DMG Mori (former Gildemeister), Möller Group, Goldbeck and Schüco. It has a university and several technical colleges (Fachhochschulen). Bielefeld is also known for the Bethel Institution.
History
Holy Roman Empire 1214–
Hanseatic League 14th century–
Berg (state) 1346–
Margraviate of Brandenburg 1614–
Minden-Ravensberg 1719–1807
Kingdom of Westphalia
Kingdom of Prussia (Province of Westphalia) 1815–
Founded in 1214 by Count Hermann IV of Ravensberg to guard a pass crossing the Teutoburg Forest, Bielefeld was the "city of linen" as a minor member of the Hanseatic League, known for bleachfields into the 19th century.[5] Bielefeld was part of the Kingdom of Westphalia when it was created in 1807.[6] In 1815 it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia following the defeat of France and the Congress of Vienna.[7]
After the Cologne-Minden railway opened in 1849, the Bozi brothers constructed the first large mechanised spinning mill in 1851. The Ravensberg Spinning Mill was built from 1854 to 1857, and metal works began to open in the 1860s.[citation needed]
Founded in 1867 as a Bielefeld sewing machine repair company, Dürkoppwerke AG employed 1,665 people in 1892; it used Waffenamt code "WaA547" from 1938 to 1939 as the Dürkopp-Werke, and merged with other Bielefeld companies to form Dürkopp Adler AG in 1990.[citation needed]
Between 1904 and 1930, Bielefeld grew, opening a rebuilt railway station, a municipal theatre, and finally, the Rudolf-Oetker-Halle concert hall, renowned for its excellent acoustics.[8] The Dürkopp car was produced 1898–1927. After printing emergency money (German: Notgeld) in 1923 during the inflation in the Weimar Republic, Bielefeld was one of several towns that printed very attractive and highly collectable banknotes with designs on silk, linen and velvet. These pieces were issued by the Bielefeld Stadtsparkasse (town's savings bank) and were sent all around the world in the early 1920s. These pieces are known as Stoffgeld – that is, money made from fabric.[9]
The town's synagogue was burned in 1938 during the Kristallnacht pogrom carried out against Jewish population. In 1944, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses of the USAAF bombed the gas works at Bielefeld on 20 September[10] and the marshaling yard on 30 September;[11] Bielefeld was bombed again on 7 October[12] and the RAF bombed the town on the night of 4/5 December.[13] On 17 January 1945, B-17s bombed the nearby Paderborn marshalling yard, and the railway viaduct in the suburb of Schildesche.[14] On 14 March the RAF bombed the viaduct again, wrecking it. This was the first use of the RAF's 10 tonne Grand Slam bomb. American troops entered the city in April 1945.[citation needed]
Due to the presence of a number of barracks built during the 1930s and its location next to the main East-West Autobahn in northern Germany, after World War II Bielefeld became a headquarters town for the fighting command of the British Army of the Rhine – BAOR (the administrative and strategic headquarters were at Rheindahlen near the Dutch border). Until the 1980s there was a large British presence in the barracks housing the headquarters of the British First Corps and support units, as well as schools, NAAFI shops, officers' and sergeants' messes and several estates of married quarters. The British presence was heavily scaled back after the reunification of Germany and most of the infrastructure has disappeared.[citation needed]
In 1973 the first villages on the south side of the Teutoburg Forest were incorporated.[citation needed]
Starting in 1994, the city has been featured in the humorous Bielefeld conspiracy which satirises conspiracy theories by claiming that Bielefeld does not exist.
Subdivisions
Bielefeld is subdivided into the following ten (10) districts:
- Bielefeld-Mitte (downtown)
- Brackwede
- Dornberg
- Gadderbaum
- Heepen
- Jöllenbeck
- Schildesche
- Senne
- Sennestadt
- Stieghorst
Climate
Bielefeld has an oceanic climate (Cfb). The average annual high temperature is 14 °C (57 °F), the annual low temperature is 6 °C (43 °F), and the annual precipitation is 483 millimetres (19.02 inches).
| Climate data for Bielefeld | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5 (41) |
6 (43) |
10 (50) |
14 (57) |
19 (66) |
22 (72) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
19 (66) |
14 (57) |
9 (48) |
5 (41) |
14 (58) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0 (32) |
0 (32) |
2 (36) |
4 (39) |
8 (46) |
11 (52) |
13 (55) |
14 (57) |
11 (52) |
7 (45) |
3 (37) |
0 (32) |
6 (43) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 35.3 (1.39) |
35.5 (1.40) |
38.9 (1.53) |
35.4 (1.39) |
57.2 (2.25) |
36.2 (1.43) |
47.4 (1.87) |
41.9 (1.65) |
42.0 (1.65) |
31.6 (1.24) |
36.7 (1.44) |
44.9 (1.77) |
483 (19.01) |
| Source: worldweatheronline.com | |||||||||||||
Industry and education
Bielefeld was a linen-producing town, and in the early 1920s the Town's Savings Bank (Stadtsparkasse) issued money made of linen, silk and velvet. These items were known as 'stoffgeld'.
In addition to the manufacture of home appliances and various heavy industries, Bielefeld companies include Dr. Oetker (food manufacturing), Möller Group (leather products and plastics), Seidensticker (clothing and textiles) and Bethel Institution with 17.000 employees.
Bielefeld University was founded in 1969. The first professors included the well-known German sociologist Niklas Luhmann. Other institutions of higher education include the Theological Seminary Bethel (Kirchliche Hochschule Bethel) and the Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences (German: Hochschule Bielefeld), which offers 21 courses in 8 different departments (agriculture and engineering are in Minden) and has been internationally recognized for its photography school.[15]
Demographics
| Nationality | Population (31 December 2017) |
|---|---|
| Turkey | 11,429 |
| Iraq | 5,561 |
| Greece | 3,765 |
| Poland | 3,546 |
| Syria | 2,753 |
| Serbia and Montenegro | 2,704 |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1510 | 2,500 | — |
| 1718 | 2,967 | +18.7% |
| 1811 | 5,613 | +89.2% |
| 1871 | 21,803 | +288.4% |
| 1900 | 63,046 | +189.2% |
| 1919 | 79,049 | +25.4% |
| 1925 | 86,062 | +8.9% |
| 1933 | 121,031 | +40.6% |
| 1939 | 129,466 | +7.0% |
| 1946 | 132,276 | +2.2% |
| 1961 | 175,517 | +32.7% |
| 1970 | 168,937 | −3.7% |
| 1987 | 305,566 | +80.9% |
| 2011 | 326,870 | +7.0% |
| 2018 | 333,786 | +2.1% |
| source:[17][circular reference] | ||
Politics
Mayor
.svg)
The current Mayor of Bielefeld is Pit Clausen of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who was elected in 2009 and re-elected in 2014 and 2020. The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| Pit Clausen | Social Democratic Party | 53,836 | 39.7 | 57,803 | 56.1 | |
| Ralf Nettelstroth | Christian Democratic Union | 39,782 | 29.3 | 45,246 | 43.9 | |
| Kerstin Haarmann | Alliance 90/The Greens | 16,903 | 12.5 | |||
| Jan Maik Schlifter | Free Democratic Party | 6,984 | 5.1 | |||
| Onur Ocak | The Left | 5,503 | 4.1 | |||
| Florian Sander | Alternative for Germany | 4,708 | 3.5 | |||
| Lena Oberbäumer | Die PARTEI | 2,799 | 2.1 | |||
| Rainer Ludwig | League of Free Citizens | 1,612 | 1.2 | |||
| Gordana Rammert | Pirate Party Germany | 1,206 | 0.9 | |||
| Sami Elias | Alliance for Innovation and Justice | 1,204 | 0.9 | |||
| Michael Gugat | Local Democracy in Bielefeld | 958 | 0.7 | |||
| Valid votes | 135,765 | 99.4 | 103,049 | 99.4 | ||
| Invalid votes | 812 | 0.6 | 612 | 0.6 | ||
| Total | 136,577 | 100.0 | 103,661 | 100.0 | ||
| Electorate/voter turnout | 254,778 | 53.6 | 254,757 | 40.7 | ||
| Source: State Returning Officer | ||||||
City council
The Bielefeld city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:
| Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 37,503 | 27.7 |  2.5
|
18 | 2
| |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 33,716 | 24.9 | 5.9
|
16 | 4
| |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 30,166 | 22.3 |  6.4
|
15 | 4
| |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 9,529 | 7.0 | 4.1
|
5 | 3
| |
| The Left (Die Linke) | 8,278 | 6.1 | 1.2
|
4 | 1
| |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 4,630 | 3.4 | New | 2 | New | |
| Die PARTEI (PARTEI) | 3,936 | 2.9 | New | 2 | New | |
| League of Free Citizens (BfB) | 2,161 | 1.6 | 6.9
|
1 | 5
| |
| Close to the Citizens (Bürgernähe) | 1,662 | 1.2 | 0.3
|
1 | ±0 | |
| Alliance for Innovation and Justice (BIG) | 1,339 | 1.0 | New | 1 | New | |
| Local Democracy in Bielefeld (LiB) | 1,284 | 0.9 | New | 1 | New | |
| Independent Citizens' Forum (UBF) | 505 | 0.4 | New | 0 | New | |
| Citizens' Movement for Civil Courage (BBZ) | 444 | 0.3 | New | 0 | New | |
| Independent Jürgen Zilke | 13 | 0.0 | New | 0 | New | |
| Valid votes | 135,166 | 99.0 | ||||
| Invalid votes | 1,319 | 1.0 | ||||
| Total | 136,485 | 100.0 |
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