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Archbishop of Armagh
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The Archbishop of Armagh is an archiepiscopal title which takes its name from the city of Armagh in Northern Ireland. Since the Reformation, there have been parallel apostolic successions to the title: one in the Roman Catholic Church and the other in the Church of Ireland. The archbishop of each denomination also holds the title of Primate of All Ireland.
In the Church of Ireland, the archbishop is John McDowell, who is the ecclesiastical head of the Church of Ireland and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Armagh.[1] He was elected as archbishop in March 2020 and translated to the role on 28 April 2020.[2][3]
In the Roman Catholic Church, the archbishop is Eamon Martin, who is the ecclesiastical head of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland, metropolitan of the Province of Armagh and the ordinary of the Archdiocese of Armagh. He succeeded on 8 September 2014, having been ordained Coadjutor Archbishop of Armagh on 21 April 2013 at St Patrick's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Armagh.[4]
History
In the medieval Irish church, the earliest bishops doubled as abbots, with the bishop becoming the junior of the two positions. From the 8th century, if not earlier, the house of Armagh claimed foundation from Saint Patrick, and the position of comarba Pátraic ("successor of Patrick") was held by the abbot of Armagh until the position of abbot and bishop were merged again in the 12th century, with the creation of the archbishopric of Armagh.
Early abbots and bishops of Armagh
| Early abbots and bishops of Armagh | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tenure | Ordinary | Notes. |
| dates uncertain | Saint Patrick Irish: Pátraic |
Founder of the bishopric in around 444; resigned, but date unknown; died 17 March, but the year is uncertain, the Annals of Ulster record the repose (i.e., death) of three bishops of the same name in 457, 461 and 493; also known as Patricius or St Patrick. |
| d. 447/8 (or 457) | (Saint Secundinus Irish: Sechnall mac Restituit) |
Occurs in the list in the Book of Leinster; served as an assistant to Bishop Pátraic; considered to be the founder of Dunshaughlin (Domnach Seachnaill); died 27 November 447/8 (or 457); also known as Seachnaill and St Secundinius.[5] |
| dates uncertain | (Sen-Phátraic) | Occurs in the list in the Book of Leinster, but may not really existed; his name means "Old Patrick"; died 24 August, but the year not recorded, however, the Annals of Ulster record the "repose (i.e., death) of the elder Patrick" in 457. |
| d. 467/8 | Benignus of Armagh (Saint Benan; Benén mac Sescnén) |
Died 9 November 467 or 468. |
| d. 481 | Saint Iarlaithe mac Treno | Died 11 February 481; also known as Saint Jarlath. |
| d. 497 | Saint Cormac of Armagh | Called bishop and abbot; styled heres Patricii in the Annals of Ulster, 'first abbot' in the official list; died 17 February 497. |
| d. 513 | Dubthach the First | Called bishop; also known as Dubtach. |
| d. 526 | Saint Ailill the First | Called bishop; died 13 January 526; also known as Ailid or Olild . |
| d. 536 | Saint Ailill the Second | Called bishop; died 1 July 536; also known as Ailid. |
| d. 548 | Saint Dubthach the Second | Called abbot; perhaps identical with Bishop 'Dauid Farannaini' (Dauid mac Guairi ui Farannáin), whose death is appended in a late hand in the Annals of Ulster in 551; also known as Duach, but see entry for Fiachra mac Colmain. |
| d. 558 | Saint Fiachra mac Colmain | Called abbot. |
| d. 578 | Saint Fedelmid Find | Called abbot. |
| d. 588 | Saint Carláen | Called bishop; died 24 March 588; also known as Cairlan, Ciarláech and Cairellán. |
| d. 598 | Eochu macDiarmaid | Called abbot; also recorded as Eochaid. |
| d. 610 | Saint Senach | Called abbot. |
| d. 623 | Saint Mac Laisre | Called abbot; died 12 September 623. |
| d. 661 | Saint Tómméne | Called bishop; died 10 January 661; also recorded as St Tommine . |
| d. 688 | Saint Ségéne | Called bishop; died 24 May 688; after Ségéne the Book of Leinster inserts an unnamed Forannán with the reign of 1 year. |
| d. 715 | Saint Fland Feblae mac Scandláin | Called abbot and bishop. |
| d. 730 | Saint Suibne | Called bishop; died 21 June 730; also known as Suibne nepos mac Crundmaíl or Suibne nepos Mruichessaich. |
| d. 750 | Congus | Called bishop (also scribe) |
| Source(s):[6][7] | ||
Later abbots and bishops of Armagh
Abbots of Armagh
| Later abbots of Armagh | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tenure | Ordinary | Notes. |
| d. 758 | Célé Petair | Also known as Céile Petair from Crích Bresail, or Cele-Peter. |
| d. 768 | Saint Fer dá Chrích mac Suibni | |
| ? res. c. 772 | Cú Dínaisc mac Conasaig | Possibly resigned c. 772; died 791. |
| d. 793 | Dub dá Leithe I mac Sínaig | Member of the Clann Sinaig. |
| dep. 793 | Fóendelach mac Móenaig | Deposed. |
| d. 794 | Airechtach ua Fáeláin | Died on the same night as Bishop Affiath; also known as Airechtach grandson of Faelán alias grandson of Fledach. |
| d. 795 | Fóendelach mac Móenaig (again) | Re-installed. |
| d. 806 | Gormgal mac Dindataig | Also abbot of Clones; omitted from the list together with Fland Roí mac Cummascaig, who took the abbey by force (his grandfather, Conchobar, was killed in 698), rival to Fóendelach; also known as Gormgal mac Dindanaig, mac Dindagaid, or mac Indnotaig. |
| d. 807 | Condmach mac Duib dá Leithe | Member of the Clann Sinaig; in opposition to abbots Fóendelach and Gormgal; recognised as coarb in the Annals of Ulster in 804. |
| d. 808 | Torbach mac Gormáin | Died 16 July 808. |
| d. 809 | Toicthech ua Tigernaig | Not in the official list. |
| d. 812 | Saint Nuadu of Loch Uama | Also bishop of Armagh and anchorite. |
| d. 826 | Flandgus mac Loingsig | Also known as Fergus mac Loingsig. |
| deposed 827/8 | Artrí mac Conchobair | Acted as abbot and Coarb (or possibly on behalf of Flandgus) in 818, 823, 825; also was bishop of Armagh from 794; died 833. |
| d. 830 | (? Suibne mac Forandáin) | Called Abbas duorum mensium in the Annals of Ulster, and abbot of Devenish in the Chronicon Scotorum; not in the official list; also known as Suibne mac Fairnig. |
| d. 834 | Eógan Mainistrech mac Ainbthig | Also fer léigind (i.e., Lector) of Monasterboice and (since 830) abbot of Clonard. |
| d. 852 | Forindán mac Murgile | Rival abbot to Diarmait ua Tigernáin; also bishop of Armagh and scribe. |
| d. 852 | Diarmait ua Tigernáin | Rival abbot to Forindán mac Murgile. |
| d. 856 | (? Cathassach) | Only in the Annals of Inisfallen and the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland; but the Annals of the Four Masters call him fer tigis (i.e., oeconomus). |
| d. 874 | Féthgno mac Nechtain | Also bishop of Armagh; died 6 October 874. |
| deposed 877 | Máel Cobo mac Crundmaíl | Deposed 877. |
| deposed 877/8 | Ainmere ua Fáeláin | Deposed 877/8, died 879. |
| restored 877/8 | Máel Cobo mac Crundmaíl (again) | Restored 877/8; the four years assigned to his successor Cathassach mac Robartaig, who died in retirement in 883, suggests that Máel Cobo's capture by the Norse in 879 put an end to his tenure of office; died 888 . |
| d. 883 | Cathassach mac Robartaig | Also bishop of Armagh. |
| d. 927 | Máel Brigte mac Tornáin | Also Coarb of Colum Cille in 891. |
| d. 936 | Ioseph mac Fathaig | Also bishop of Armagh and anchorite; also known as Joseph . |
| d. 936 | Máel Pátraic mac Máel Tuile | Also bishop of Armagh. |
| d. 957 | Cathassach mac Doilgén | Also bishop of Armagh. |
| dep. 965 | Muiredach mac Fergussa | Deposed 965; died 966. |
| d. 998 | Dub dá Leithe II mac Cellaig | Member of the Clann Sinaig; also Coarb of Colum Cille in 989. |
| resigned 1001 | Muirecén mac Ciaracáin | Of "Both Domnaig" (Bodoney, County Tyrone); acting as Coarb 993; resigned 1001, died 1005. |
| d. 1020 | Máel Muire mac Eochada | Member of the Clann Sinaig; son of fer léigind Eochaid ua Flainn (died 1004) and nephew of Abbot Dub dá Leithe II (died 998); died in office 1020. |
| d. 1049 | Amalgaid mac Máel Muire | Member of the Clann Sinaig. |
| d. 1064 | Dub dá Leithe III Máel Muire | Member of the Clann Sinaig; also fer léigind (i.e., Lector) since 1046. |
| d. 1074 | Cummascach Ua hErodáin | In opposition to Dub dá Leithe III. |
| d. 1091 | Máel Ísu mac Amalgada | Member of the Clann Sinaig; died 18 December 1091. |
| d. 1105 | Domnall mac Amalgada | Member of the Clann Sinaig; died August 1105. |
| d. 1129 | Cellach of Armagh (Saint Cellach; Irish: Cellach mac Áeda meic Máel Ísu) |
Member of the Clann Sinaig; consecrated bishop of Armagh on 23 September 1105 and elevated to archbishop in 1106; died 1 April 1129; also known as Saint Ceallach and Celsus. |
| 1129 to 1134 | Muirchertach mac Domnall | Member of the Clann Sinaig; died 17 September 1134; also known as Maurice MacDonald, and Murrough. |
| resigned 1137 | Niall mac Áeda meic Máel Ísu | Member of the Clann Sinaig; died 1139. |
| Source(s):[6][8] | ||
Bishops of Armagh
| Later bishops of Armagh | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tenure | Ordinary | Notes. |
| d. 794 | Affiath | Died on the same night as Abbot Airechtach (see above). |
| d. 812 | Saint Nuadu of Loch Uama | Also abbot of Armagh and anchorite. |
| d. 833 | Artrí mac Conchobair | Bishop of Armagh since 794; acted as abbot and Coarb (or possibly on behalf of Flandgus) in 818, 823, 825; died 833. |
| d. 852 | Forindán mac Murgile | Also abbot of Armagh. |
| d. 863 | Máel Pátraic mac Findchon | |
| d. 874 | Féthgno mac Nechtain | Also abbot of Armagh. |
| d. 883 | Cathassach mac Robartaig | Also abbot of Armagh. |
| d. 893 | Mochtae daltae Féthgno | Also scribe and anchorite. |
| d. 895 | Máel Aithgin | |
| d. 903 | Cellach mac Sóergussa | Also anchorite. |
| d. 915 | Máel Ciaráin mac Eochocáin | |
| d. 936 | Ioseph mac Fathaig | Also abbot of Armagh and anchorite; also known as Joseph. |
| d. 936 | Máel Pátraic mac Máel Tuile | Also abbot of Armagh. |
| d. 957 | Cathassach mac Doilgén | Also abbot of Armagh. |
| d. 967 | Cathassach mac Murchadáin | |
| d. 994 | Máel Muire mac Scandláinn | |
| d. 1006 | Airmedach mac Coscraig | |
| d. 1012 | (? Cenn Fáelad Sabaill) | Anchorite; said to be a 'pilgrim', and probably was not bishop of Armagh. |
| d. 1032 | Máel Tuile | |
| d. 1056 | Áed Ua Forréid | May have resigned the bishopric when he became fer léigind (i.e., Lector) in 1049. |
| d. 1096 | Máel Pátraic mac Airmedaig | |
| d. 1106 | Cáenchomrac Ua Baigill | Consecrated 29 May 1099. |
| After the see was elevated to an archbishopric in 1106, the Annals of Ulster record three more bishops of Armagh, but they probably ruled the see of Cinél nEógain (Ardstraw/Maghera), which later became the see of Derry. | ||
| 1107 to 1122 | Máel Coluim Ua Broicháin | Styled bishop of Ard Macha; probably combined duties as bishop under the old regime with diocesan care over the see of Cinél nEógain; consecrated 13 September 1107; died at Derry in 1122. |
| d. 1139 | Máel Brigte Ua Broicháin | Styled bishop of Ard Macha; probably combined duties as bishop under the old regime with diocesan care over the see of Cinél nEógain; died 29 January 1139. |
| d. 1186 | Amlaim Ua Muirethaig | Styled "bishop of Ard-Macha and Cenel-Feradhaigh"; appears to be reckoned as Coarb of St Patrick in the Book of Leinster; probably ruled the see of Cinél nEógain; died at Cenél Feradaig Cruthnai, County Londonderry in 1185; buried in Derry |
| Source(s):[6][9] | ||
Pre-Reformation archbishops
| Pre-Reformation Archbishops of Armagh | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| From | Until | Ordinary | Notes. |
| 1105 | 1129 | Cellach of Armagh Saint Cellach; Irish: Cellach mac Áeda meic Máel Ísu |
Abbot of Armagh; consecrated bishop on 23 September 1105; elevated to archbishop in 1106; died 1 April 1129; also known as Saint Ceallach, and Celsus. |
| 1129 | 1132/34 | See vacant. | |
| 1132/34 | 1136/37 | Saint Malachy Irish: Máel Máedóc Ua Morgair |
Became bishop of Down and Connor in 1124; elected and consecrated Archbishop of Armagh in 1132, but was not installed until 1134; resigned the sees of Armagh and Connor in 1136 or 1137, but retained Down until his death on 2 November 1148; canonized by Pope Clement III on 6 July 1199; also known as Malachy O'Morgair, Malachy O' More, and Malachias. |
| 1137 | 1174 | Gilla Meic Liac mac Diarmata | Elected and consecrated 1137; died 27 March 1174; also known as Gelasius. |
| 1174 | 1175 | Cornelius of Armagh Irish: Conchobar mac Meic Con Caille |
Elected and consecrated c. 1174; died 1175; also known as St Concors and Cornelius MacConcaille. |
| 1175 | 1180 | Gilla in Choimded Ua Caráin | Translated from Raphoe; elected and consecrated c. 1175; died c. January 1180; also known as Gillebertus, and Gilbert O'Caran. |
| 1180 | 1184 | Tommaltach Ua Conchobair Irish: Tommaltach mac Áeda Ua Conchobair |
Elected and consecrated before February 1180; resigned in 1184; also known as Thomas O'Conor. |
| 1184
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