A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
Antique | |
|---|---|
| Province of Antique | |
_-_Flickr.jpg)     (from top: left to right) Tibiao Rice Terraces, Mount Madja-as, Mararison Island, old cemetery chapel in Hamtic, and Anini-y Church. | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname: The Land Where The Mountains Meet The Sea | |
 Location in the Philippines | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
| Coordinates: 11°10′00″N 122°05′00″E / 11.16667°N 122.08333°E | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Western Visayas |
| Malayan Settlement | 13th Century (as Hamtik) |
| Spanish Settlement | 1569 (Hantíque, later on became Antíque) [1] |
| Politico-Military Province | 1790 |
| Founded | March 10, 1917 [2] |
| Capital and largest municipality | San Jose de Buenavista |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sangguniang Panlalawigan |
| • Governor | Rhodora J. Cadiao (NUP) |
| • Vice Governor | Edgar D. Denosta (NUP) |
| • Legislature | Antique Provincial Board |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2,729.17 km2 (1,053.74 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 49th out of 81 |
| Highest elevation | 2,117 m (6,946 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[4] | |
| • Total | 612,974 |
| • Rank | 52nd out of 81 |
| • Density | 220/km2 (580/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 44th out of 81 |
| Demonym | Antiqueño |
| Divisions | |
| • Independent cities | 0 |
| • Component cities | 0 |
| • Municipalities | |
| • Barangays | 590 |
| • Districts | Legislative district of Antique |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PHT) |
| ZIP code | 5700–5717 |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)36 |
| ISO 3166 code | PH-ANT |
| HDI |  0.640 (Medium) |
| HDI rank | 35th in Philippines (2019) |
| Spoken languages | |
| Website | antique |
Antique, officially the Province of Antique ([ɐnˈtike]; Kinaray-a: Kapuoran kang Antique; Hiligaynon: Kapuoran sang Antique; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Antique), is a province in the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital is San Jose de Buenavista, the most populous town in Antique. The province is situated in the western section of Panay Island and borders Aklan, Capiz and Iloilo to the east, while facing the Sulu Sea to the west.
The province is home to the indigenous Iraynun-Bukidnon, speakers of a dialect of the Kinaray-a language, who have crafted the only rice terrace clusters in the Visayas through indigenous knowledge and sheer vernacular capabilities. The rice terraces of the Iraynun-Bukidnon are divided into four terraced fields, namely, General Fullon rice terraces, Lublub rice terraces, Bakiang rice terraces, and San Agustin rice terraces. All of the rice terrace clusters have been researched by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts and various scholars from the University of the Philippines. There have been campaigns to nominate the Iraynun-Bukidnon Rice Terraces, along with the Central Panay Mountain Range, into the UNESCO World Heritage List.[5]
Etymology
Antique was one of the three sakups (districts) of Panay before Spanish colonizers arrived on the islands. The province was known at that time as Hantík, the local name for the large black ants found on the island.[6] The Spanish chroniclers, influenced by the French, recorded the region's name as Hantique (with the silent 'h'), but this was only adopted in areas near Malandog River in present Hamtic town which then became the provincial capital (shortly before Bugason and San Jose). The province bearing its former capital's name is spelled and pronounced as "Antique" (än-ti-ké), without 'h' and pronounced in (Kinaray-a) dialectic way.
History
Early history
Historians believe that the earliest people who settled on the island of Panay were tribal Negritos or Atis. Oral history, relayed as the "Maragtas", states that ten "datus" or minor tribal Malay chieftains escaped persecution from a city called Odtohan from Borneo due to a tyrant ruler called Makatunaw.[7] The ten datus, led by Datu Puti, sailed northward with their families and communities, landing on Panay after departing Borneo.[8] There are claims that the narrative of the Maragtas is dated to 1212 to fit with the transition of the Srivijayan Empire to Majapahit but there are no written evidence about this, nor there are any existing claims that links the datus to Borneo. Nevertheless, the Maragtas narrative is to be considered as part of the local history of the people.
Upon arrival, the Malay datus met the Ati chieftain Datu Marikudo and his wife Maniwantiwan. They offered the chieftain a salakot (wide-brimmed hat)[9] (out of exaggeration, the present day locals believed to be of pure gold) which includes a golden necklace, earrings, bracelets and trinkets they wore when they fled Borneo among other gifts of pearls and fine clothes as a display of respect and to buy the land for them to live. Datu Marikudo responded to the datus' generosity by giving the Malayans the lowlands and moving to the mountains with his Ati tribe as the mountains are sacred to them. The legacy of this landing is commemorated annually in Antique during the Binirayan festival.[10]
The island of Panay was then divided into three sakups: Hantik, Akean and Irong-Irong. Irong-Irong became Iloilo, Akean became the present-day Aklan and Capiz, and Hantik (also called Hamtik or Hamtic) became Antique. Hantik was named for the large black ants found on the island called "hantik-hantik".[11]
The sakup of Hantik was given to Datu Sumakwel, one of the ten datus, and who, according to tradition, was a sword master and wisest of them. The three sakups were later governed as a political unit called the Kedatuan of Madja-as, also under Datu Sumakwel. Datu Sumakwel founded the town of Malandog, considered to be the first Malay settlement in the country. Malandog is now a barangay in the present-day municipality of Hamtic, which was named after the historic sakup.
Spanish colonial era
During the Spanish colonial period, the coastal province was vulnerable to attacks by Moro raiders. Under the direction of the Spanish friars, a series of watchtowers, like the 'Old Watchtower' in Libertad and Estaca Hill in Bugasong, were built to guard Antique.
In 1790, Antique was converted into a politico-military province with the town of Antique (now Hamtic) as its first capital. The provincial seat of government was later transferred to Bugasón (old name of Bugasong), and finally to San Jose de Buenavista. [12] By the end of the 1700s, Antique had 9,228 families.[13]: 539 [14]: 31, 54, 113
Japanese occupation era
In 1942, the Imperial Japanese Army landed in Antique and occupied the province during the Second World War.[further explanation needed]
During the Japanese Insurgencies and Occupation (1942-1944), the military general headquarters and camp bases of the 6th and 62nd Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was active from January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, and the military general headquarters and camp bases of the 6th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was re-activated between October 28, 1944, and June 30, 1946.[clarification needed] Additionally, during the implementation of the anti-imperial Japanese military operations on Panay Island between 1942 and 1945 in the Antique province, Filipino military forces aided the local guerrilla resistance against the Imperial Japanese Army.[further explanation needed]
Between 1944 and 1945, Philippine Commonwealth forces of the 6th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary and the 6th and 62nd Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army defeated the Japanese troops and liberated the province.[further explanation needed] The liberation was achieved with the active support of recognized local guerrillas.
Philippine independence
During the Marcos dictatorship
One of the significant events of the Philippines's Martial Law era was the Bacong Bridge Massacre, which took place in the town of Culasi, Antique on December 19, 1981.[15] Sometimes also known as the Culasi incident, it involved the Philippine Constabulary killing 5 protester-farmers at the Bacong River bridge in Culasi's Barangay Malacañang. The victims were identified as Leopoldo A. Anos, Aquilino M. Castillo, Fortunato M. Dalisay, Remegildo P. Dalisay, and Joel B. Plaquino, and were later honored at the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which recognizes the heroes and martyrs who fought the authoritarian regime.[16]
Contemporary
In 2014, the first ever Philippine rice terraces found outside the Cordilleras was discovered in Antique through satellite and a team of scientists and locals. The heritage site, known as the Antique Rice Terraces of the Panay-Bukidnon people, is believed to be at least 200 years old. In 2017, the province hosted the Palarong Pambansa for the very first time.
Geography
Antique is one of the six provinces comprising Western Visayas or Region VI, and one of the four provinces on the island of Panay.
The province, with a total land area of 2,729.17 square kilometres (1,053.74 sq mi),[17] is an elongated stretch of land occupying the entire western side of the island. It is bounded by the rugged central mountains of Panay, bordering on the provinces of Aklan in the northeast, Capiz on the east, Iloilo in the southeast and the Sulu Sea on the west. Its westernmost and northernmost point is Semirara Island at 12°07′10″N 121°21′10″E / 12.11944°N 121.35278°E, while its eastern tip is approximately 11°01′N 122°19.5′E / 11.017°N 122.3250°E. Anini-y is the province's most southerly point at 10°24′24″N 121°57′38″E / 10.40667°N 121.96056°E. Resembling a seahorse in shape, it is 155 kilometres (96 mi) long and 35 kilometres (22 mi) at its widest point.
Physical Features
Antique has rugged and varied land. Nogas Island, Hurao-Hurao Island and Mararison Island have long stretches of white sand beaches that are ideal for shell-hunting. Batbatan Island on the other hand, appeals to scuba divers because of the well-preserved coral reefs.
Mount Madja-as is located in Culasi, is the highest peak on the island of Panay. This 2,117-metre-high (6,946 ft) mountain[18] is a dormant volcano with lakes and 14 waterfalls. It is said to be the legendary home of Bulalakaw, the supreme god of the ancients, and beckons as a challenge for hikers and trekkers. Mount Nangtud, is the second highest mountain in Antique and Panay island with an elevation of 6,804 ft (2,074 m) above sea level, located between Antique and Capiz border.
Antique has nine major rivers, the longest is Sibalom River 73 km, followed by Paliwan River 58.2 km, Cangaranan River 57.4 km, Dalanas River 34.6 km, Cairawan River 31.5 km, Ypayo River (Patnongon) 29.2 km, Tibiao River 26.4 km, Malandog River 17.8 km and Bacong River 16.2 km.
List of peaks in Antique by elevation.
- Mount Madja-as 6,946 ft (2,117 m)
- Mount Nangtud 6,804 ft (2,074 m)
- Mount Baloy 6,430 ft (1,960 m)
- Mount Balabag 5,630 ft (1,720 m)
- Mount Agbalanti 5,180 ft (1,580 m)
- Mount Kigas 4,967 ft (1,514 m)
- Mount Igbanig 4,810 ft (1,470 m)
- Mount Sipanag 4,754 ft (1,449 m)
- Mount Igdalig 4,518 ft (1,377 m)
- Mount Tiguran 4,518 ft (1,377 m)
- Mount Tigatay 4,429 ft (1,350 m)
- Mount Dumara 4,222 ft (1,287 m)
- Mount Sansanan 4,209 ft (1,283 m)
- Mount Anoy 3,507 ft (1,069 m)
- Mount Balabag, Seb. 3,360 ft (1,020 m)
- Mount Acotay 3,241 ft (988 m)
- Mount Tinayunga 3,002 ft (915 m)
- Mount Tuno 2,841 ft (866 m)
- Mount Tigancal 2,825 ft (861 m)
- Mount Tigbararing 2,582 ft (787 m)
- Mount Tigdagano 2,513 ft (766 m)
- Mount Manlagbo 2,421 ft (738 m)
- Mount Aningalan 2,470 ft (750 m)
River systems
List of rivers in Antique by length.
- 1.Sibalom River 73 km
- Tipulu-an River 33.1 km
- Mao-it River 15.8 km
- Maninila River 31.1 km
- Cansilayan River 12.5 km
- Tipulu-an River 33.1 km
- 2.Paliwan River 58.2 km
- Paningayan River 18.7 km
- Bucayan River 14.1 km
- Nawili River 12.6 km
- 3.Cangaranan River 57.4 km
- Cadi-an River 25 km
- Baloy River 15.4 km
- Cadi-an River 25 km
- 4.Dalanas River, Barbaza 34.6 km
- Mali-ao River 26.3 km
- Kigas River 16.2 km
- Mamara River 11.3 km
- Bajay River 10 km
- Memero River 6.2 km
- Nalusdan River 5.8 km
- 5.Cairawan River, Laua-an 31.5 km
- Cabay-ang River 19.5 km
- 6.Ypayo River, Patnongon 29.2 km
- 7.Tibiao River, Tibiao 26.4 km
- 8.Malandog River, Hamtic 17.8 km
- 9.Bacong River, Culasi 16.2 km
- 10.Hamtic River, Hamtic 15.2 km
- 11.Carit-an River, Patnongon 15.1 km
- 12.Casay River, Anini-y 14.3 km
- 13.Asluman River, Hamtic 13.8 km
- 14.Ipil River, Belison 13.4 km
- 15.Iba River, Anini-y 13.1 km
- 16.Bulanao River, Libertad 12.3 km
- 17.Bacalan River, Sebaste 11.5 km
- 18.Inyawan River, Libertad 11.4 km
- 19.Sabang River, Bugasong 11.4 km
- 20.Panganta River, Culasi 10.6 km
- 21.Paningayan River, Culasi 10.4 km
- 22.Binangbang River, Barbaza 10.4 km
- 23.Bugang River, Pandan 10.3 km
- 24.Patnongon River, Patnongon 10.2 km
- 25.San Roque River, Libertad 10.1 km
- 26.Carit-an River, Sebaste 8.7 km
- 27.Dao River, Tobias Fornier 8.6 km
- 28.Ypayo River, Sebaste 8.2 km
- 29.Linaban River, Hamtic 8.2 km
- 30.Panukayan River, Pandan 8.2 km
- 31.Nauring River, Pandan 7.8 km
- 32.Cala-cala River, Sebaste 7.7 km
- 33.Bongol River, Culasi 7.6 km
- 34.Duyong River, Pandan 7.6 km
- 35.Aureliana River, Patnongon 7.5 km
- 36.Idio River, Sebaste 7.5 km
- 37.Burabod River, Pandan 7.3 km
- 38.Union River, Libertad 7.2 km
- 39.Carit-an River, Culasi 7.1 km
- 40.Patria River, Pandan 6.1 km
- 41.Guija River, Bugasong 5.9 km
- 42.Aguila River, Sebaste 5.5 km
- 43.Bitadnon River, Culasi 5.4 km
- 44.Aras-asan River, Hamtic 5.4 km
- 45.Igbarawan River, Patnongon 5.2 km
- 46.Nalupa River, Barbaza 5.1 km
- 47.San Andres River, Pandan 5.1 km
- 48.Paz River, Libertad 4.9 km
- 49.Barusbus River, Libertad 4.9 km
- 50.Laua-an River, Laua-an 4.6 km
- 51.Mapatag River, Hamtic 4.6 km
- 52.Nauhon River, Sebaste 4.2 km
- 53.Mauno River, Laua-an 3.8 km
- 54.Banban River, Laua-an 2.4 km
- 55.Yapo River, Barbaza 2.3 km
- 56.Intao Creek, Laua-an 2.1 km
- 57.Bahuyan Creek, Barbaza 1.3 km
Waterfalls
List of waterfalls in Antique.
- Tigmalmos Falls in Tibiao
- Kamalasag Falls in Sebaste
- Igpasungaw Falls in Sebaste
- Bugtong Bato Falls in Tibiao
- Inyawan Falls in Libertad
- Sigbungon Falls in Barbaza
- Macalbag Falls in Barbaza
- Bulwang Falls in Sebaste
- Capnayan Falls in Laua-an
- Kataw Falls in Culasi
- Cadiao Falls in Barbaza
- Sayay Falls in Barbaza
- Libog Falls in Culasi
- Halat Falls in Bugasong
Climate
The rainy season in Antique is from June to November, and the summer season is from December to May.
| Climate data for Antique | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.9 (85.8) |
30.8 (87.4) |
32.2 (90.0) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33 (91) |
31.8 (89.2) |
30.9 (87.6) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.4 (88.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.8 (73.0) |
23 (73) |
23.5 (74.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.7 (74.6) |
| Average rainy days | 7 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 10 | 9 | 136 |
| Source: Storm24/7[19] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
Antique is subdivided into 18 municipalities.
San Jose de Buenavista serves as the provincial capital, the center of commerce and trade, and the seat of the provincial government and national government agencies.