The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the public release of its first beta on November 5, 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released on September 23, 2008. The operating system is developed by Google on a yearly cycle since at least 2011.^[1] New major releases are announced at Google I/O along with its first public beta to supported Google Pixel devices. The stable version is then released later in the year.

Overview

The development of Android started in 2003 by Android, Inc., which was purchased by Google in 2005.^[2] There were at least two internal releases of the software inside Google and the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) before the beta version was released.^[3][4] The beta was released on November 5, 2007,^[5][6] while the software development kit (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007.^[7] Several public beta versions of the SDK were released.^[8] These releases were done through software emulation as physical devices did not exist to test the operating system. Both the operating system itself and the SDK were released along with their source code, as free software under the Apache License.^[9]

The first public release of Android 1.0 occurred with the release of the T-Mobile G1 (aka HTC Dream) in October 2008.^[10] Android 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names.^[11] The code names "Astro Boy" and "Bender" were tagged internally on some of the early pre-1.0 milestone builds and were never used as the actual code names of the 1.0 and 1.1 releases of the OS.^[12]

The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived using a confectionery-themed naming scheme for public releases, starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake. Google announced in August 2019 they were ending the confectionery theming scheme to use numerical ordering for future versions.^[13] The first release under the numerical order format was Android 10, which was released in September 2019.

In 2017, Google announced that Google Play would begin to require apps to target a recent Android version.^[14] Since then, a new major Android version has been released in the second half of each year, and apps must target it by August 31 of the following year for new apps, or November 1 for app updates.^[15]

Name	Internal codename[11]	Version number(s)	API level	Release date	Latest security patch date[16]	Latest Google Play Services version(release date)
Android 1.0	—	Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0	1	September 23, 2008	—	—
Android 1.1	Petit Four	Old version, no longer maintained: 1.1	2	February 9, 2009
Android Cupcake	Cupcake	Old version, no longer maintained: 1.5	3	April 27, 2009
Android Donut	Donut	Old version, no longer maintained: 1.6	4	September 15, 2009
Android Eclair	Eclair	Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0	5	October 27, 2009
		Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0.1	6	December 3, 2009
		Old version, no longer maintained: 2.1	7	January 11, 2010[17]
Android Froyo	Froyo	Old version, no longer maintained: 2.2 – 2.2.3	8	May 20, 2010		3.2.25 (October 2014)
Android Gingerbread	Gingerbread	Old version, no longer maintained: 2.3 – 2.3.2	9	December 6, 2010		10.0.84 (November 2016)
		Old version, no longer maintained: 2.3.3 – 2.3.7	10	February 9, 2011
Android Honeycomb	Honeycomb	Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0	11	February 22, 2011
		Old version, no longer maintained: 3.1	12	May 10, 2011
		Old version, no longer maintained: 3.2 – 3.2.6	13	July 15, 2011
Android Ice Cream Sandwich	Ice Cream Sandwich	Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0 – 4.0.2	14	October 18, 2011		14.8.49 (February 2019)
		Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0.3 – 4.0.4	15	December 16, 2011
Android Jelly Bean	Jelly Bean	Old version, no longer maintained: 4.1 – 4.1.2	16	July 9, 2012		21.33.56 (September 2021)
		Old version, no longer maintained: 4.2 – 4.2.2	17	November 13, 2012
		Old version, no longer maintained: 4.3 – 4.3.1	18	July 24, 2013
Android KitKat	Key Lime Pie	Old version, no longer maintained: 4.4 – 4.4.4	19	October 31, 2013	October 2017	23.30.13 (August 2023)
		Old version, no longer maintained: 4.4W – 4.4W.2	20	June 25, 2014	?
Android Lollipop	Lemon Meringue Pie	Old version, no longer maintained: 5.0 – 5.0.2	21	November 4, 2014[18]	November 2017	24.13.18 (April 2024)
		Old version, no longer maintained: 5.1 – 5.1.1	22	March 2, 2015[19]	March 2018
Android Marshmallow	Macadamia Nut Cookie	Old version, no longer maintained: 6.0 – 6.0.1	23	October 2, 2015[20]	August 2018
Android Nougat	New York Cheesecake	Old version, no longer maintained: 7.0	24	August 22, 2016	August 2019
		Old version, no longer maintained: 7.1 – 7.1.2	25	October 4, 2016	October 2019
Android Oreo	Oatmeal Cookie	Old version, no longer maintained: 8.0	26	August 21, 2017	January 2021
		Old version, no longer maintained: 8.1	27	December 5, 2017	October 2021
Android Pie	Pistachio Ice Cream[21]	Old version, no longer maintained: 9	28	August 6, 2018	January 2022
Android 10	Quince Tart[22]	Old version, no longer maintained: 10	29	September 3, 2019	February 2023
Android 11	Red Velvet Cake[22]	Old version, no longer maintained: 11	30	September 8, 2020	February 2024
Android 12	Snow Cone	Older version, yet still maintained: 12	31	October 4, 2021	April 2024
Android 12L	Snow Cone v2	Older version, yet still maintained: 12.1[a]	32	March 7, 2022
Android 13	Tiramisu	Older version, yet still maintained: 13	33	August 15, 2022
Android 14	Upside Down Cake[25]	Current stable version: 14	34	October 4, 2023
Android 15	Vanilla Ice Cream[26]	Latest preview version of a future release: 15 Beta 1[27]	35	April 11, 2024[27]	April 2024[27]	24.11.13 (March 2024)[27]
Legend: Old version Older version, still maintained Latest version Latest preview version Future release

Version history

The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official application programming interface (API) levels.

Android 1.0

Android 1.0 (API 1)
Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.[28] The first commercially available Android device was the HTC Dream.[29] Android 1.0 incorporated the following features:
Version	Release date	Features
1.0	September 23, 2008	Android Market, allowing application downloads and updates through the Market application. Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards").[30][31] Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc.[32] Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.[33] Access to web email servers, supporting POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP.[31] Gmail synchronization with the Gmail application. Google Contacts synchronization with the People application. Google Calendar synchronization with the Calendar application. Google Maps with Street View to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local businesses and obtain driving directions using GPS.[32] Google Sync, allowing management of over-the-air synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar. Google Search, allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc. Google Talk instant messaging. Instant messaging, text messaging, and MMS. Media Player, enabling management, importing, and playback of media files – however, this version lacked video and stereo Bluetooth support.[31][32] Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts.[30][31][34] Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number.[31] Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets. YouTube video player.[35] Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support.

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Android_version_history
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