1988 United States presidential election

← 1984 November 8, 1988 1992 →
538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win
Turnout	52.8%[1] 2.4 pp
Nominee George H. W. Bush Michael Dukakis Party Republican Democratic Home state Texas Massachusetts Running mate Dan Quayle Lloyd Bentsen Electoral vote 426 111[a] States carried 40 10 + DC Popular vote 48,886,597 41,809,074 Percentage 53.4% 45.7%
Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Bush/Quayle and blue denotes those won by Dukakis/Bentsen. Light blue is the electoral vote for Bentsen/Dukakis by a West Virginia faithless elector. Numbers indicate electoral votes cast by each state and the District of Columbia.
President before election Ronald Reagan Republican Elected President George H. W. Bush Republican

The 1988 United States presidential election was the 51st quadrennial presidential election held on Tuesday, November 8, 1988. Incumbent Republican Vice President George H. W. Bush defeated the Democratic Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis.

It remains the most recent election in which a candidate won over 400 electoral votes, and consequently, the last landslide election of a U.S. president.^[2] 1988 was the first time since 1940 in which the governing party won three consecutive presidential elections. Additionally, it was the last time that the Republicans won the popular vote three times in a row. Conversely, it began an ongoing streak of presidential elections that were decided by a single-digit popular vote margin.^[3] It was also the first, and only election to date, in which one of the two major presidential candidates was not of Northern European ancestry.^[4][5]

President Ronald Reagan was ineligible to seek a third term because of the 22nd Amendment. Instead, Bush entered the Republican primaries as the front-runner, defeating Kansas Senator Bob Dole and televangelist Pat Robertson. He selected Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as his running mate. Dukakis won the Democratic primaries after Democratic leaders Gary Hart and Ted Kennedy withdrew or declined to run. He selected Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen as his running mate. It was the first election since 1968 to lack an incumbent president on the ballot.

Bush ran an aggressive campaign that concentrated mainly on the strong economy, reduction in crime, and continuance with Reagan's policies. He attacked Dukakis as an elitist "Massachusetts liberal", to which Dukakis ineffectively responded. Despite Dukakis initially leading in the polls, Bush pulled ahead after the Republican National Convention and extended his lead after two strong debate performances. Bush won a decisive victory over Dukakis, winning the Electoral College and the popular vote by sizable margins.

As of 2020, no candidate of either party since has equaled or surpassed Bush's share of the electoral or popular vote. Bush became the first sitting vice president to be elected president since Martin Van Buren in 1836, and the first vice president to be elected president since Richard Nixon (as former vice president) in 1968. This remains the last time that a Republican has carried California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, New Jersey and Vermont. Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Tennessee would not vote Republican again until 2000, while New Mexico would not vote Republican again until 2004. Pennsylvania and Michigan would not vote Republican again until 2016. This remains the latest presidential election in which the Democrats did not win at least 200 electoral votes, partly due to their lock on certain states in presidential races from 1988 onward. As of 2020, this is the last presidential election where the Republican nominee won the female vote.

Republican Party nomination

Republican candidates

• George H. W. Bush, Vice President^[6]
• Bob Dole, U.S. senator from Kansas^[7]
• Pat Robertson, televangelist from Virginia^[8]
• Jack Kemp, U.S. representative from New York^[9]
• Pete du Pont, former governor of Delaware^[10]
• Alexander Haig, former secretary of state, from Pennsylvania^[11]
• Ben Fernandez, former Special Ambassador to Paraguay, from California^[12]
• Paul Laxalt, former United States Senator from Nevada^[13]
• Donald Rumsfeld, former Secretary of Defense from Illinois^[14]
• Harold Stassen, former Governor of Minnesota^[15]

1988 Republican Party ticket
George H. W. Bush	Dan Quayle
for President	for Vice President
43rd Vice President of the United States (1981–1989)	U.S. Senator from Indiana (1981–1989)
Campaign

While Bush had long been seen as Reagan's natural successor, there was still a degree of opposition within the party to his candidacy. Historical precedent was not seen to favor Bush's chances, as no incumbent vice president had been elected as president since Martin van Buren some 152 years prior. Dole attracted support among those who were concerned that Bush, whose electoral experience outside of his campaigns with Reagan was limited to running unsuccessfully for the Senate and twice successfully for the House of Representatives in the 1960s, had not done enough to establish himself as a candidate in his own right. Others who wished to further continue the shift towards social conservatism that had begun during Reagan's presidency supported Robertson.^{[citation needed]}

Bush unexpectedly came in third in the Iowa caucus, which he had won in 1980, behind Dole and Robertson. Dole was also leading in the polls of the New Hampshire primary, and the Bush camp responded by running television commercials portraying Dole as a tax raiser, while Governor John H. Sununu campaigned for Bush. Dole did nothing to counter these ads and Bush won, thereby gaining crucial momentum, which he called "Big Mo".^[16] Once the multiple-state primaries such as Super Tuesday began, Bush's organizational strength and fundraising lead were impossible for the other candidates to match, and the nomination was his.

The Republican Party convention was held in New Orleans, Louisiana. Bush was nominated unanimously and selected U.S. Senator Dan Quayle from Indiana as his running mate. In his acceptance speech, Bush made the pledge "Read my lips: No new taxes," which contributed to his loss in the 1992 election.

Democratic Party nomination

1988 Democratic Party ticket
Michael Dukakis	Lloyd Bentsen
for President	for Vice President
65th and 67th Governor of Massachusetts (1975–1979, 1983–1991)	U.S. Senator from Texas (1971–1993)
Campaign

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=1988_United_States_presidential_election
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.

---



---

www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk

---

Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the primaries
Jesse Jackson	Al Gore	Paul Simon	Dick Gephardt	Gary Hart
President of the Rainbow Coalition from South Carolina (1983–present)	U.S. Senator from Tennessee (1985–1993)	U.S. Senator from Illinois (1985–1997)	U.S. Representative from Missouri (1977–2005)	U.S. Senator from Colorado (1975–1987)
Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign	Campaign
LN: July 20, 1988 E: July 30, 1988 6,788,991 votes 1,023 PD	S: April 21, 1988 E: June 16, 1988 3,185,806 votes 374 PD	S: April 7, 1988 E: June 8, 1988 1,082,960 votes 161 PD	W: March 28, 1988 E: June 8, 1988 1,399,041 votes 137 PD	W: March 11, 1988 415,716 votes
[17]	[18]	[19][20]	[19][20]
Bruce Babbitt	James Traficant	Patricia Schroeder	Joe Biden
Fmr. Governor of Arizona (1978–1987)	U.S. Representative from Ohio (1985–2002)	U.S. Representative from Colorado (1973–1997)	U.S. Senator from Delaware (1973–2009)
Campaign		Campaign	Campaign
W: February 18, 1988 E: June 8, 1988 77,780 votes	?: After January 26, 1988	W: September 28, 1987	W: September 23, 1987 E: June 22, 1988
[19][20]	[21][22][23][24]