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 Logo since 2023 | |
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | January 2006 |
| Marketed by | Intel |
| Designed by | Intel |
| Common manufacturer(s) |
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| Performance | |
| Max. CPU clock rate | 400 MHz to 6.2 GHz |
| FSB speeds | 533 MT/s to 1.6 GT/s |
| QPI speeds | 4.8 GT/s to 6.4 GT/s |
| DMI speeds | 2.0 GT/s to 16 GT/s |
| Data width | Up to 64 bits |
| Address width | Up to 64 bits |
| Virtual address width | Up to 57 bits |
| Cache | |
| L1 cache | Up to 112 KB per P-core 96 KB per E-core or LP E-core |
| L2 cache | Core and Core 2: Up to 12 MB Nehalem-present: Up to 2 MB per P-core and up to 3 MB per E-core cluster |
| L3 cache | Up to 36 MB |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Technology node | 65 nm to Intel 4 and TSMC N5 |
| Microarchitecture | |
| Instruction set | x86-64 |
| Instructions | MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, AVX-512, TSX, AES-NI, FMA3, AVX-VNNI |
| Extensions |
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| Physical specifications | |
| Cores |
|
| GPU(s) | Intel Graphics Technology |
| Socket(s) | |
| Products, models, variants | |
| Brand name(s) | |
| Variant(s) |
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| History | |
| Predecessor(s) | Pentium |
Intel Core is a line of multi-core (with the exception of Core Solo and Core 2 Solo) central processing units (CPUs) for midrange, embedded, workstation, high-end and enthusiast computer markets marketed by Intel Corporation. These processors displaced the existing mid- to high-end Pentium processors at the time of their introduction, moving the Pentium to the entry level. Identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server and workstation markets.
The lineup of Core processors includes the enthusiast Core i9, high-end Core i7, mid-end Core i5, and low-end Core i3 series.
In 2023, Intel announced that it would drop the "i" moniker from their processor branding, making it "Core 3/5/7/9". The company would introduce the "Ultra" branding for high-end processors as well.[1] The new naming scheme debuted with the launch of Raptor Lake-U Refresh and Meteor Lake processors in 2024, using the "Core 3/5/7" branding for mainstream processors and "Core Ultra 5/7/9" branding for "premium" high-end processors.[2][3]
Overview
Although Intel Core is a brand that promises no internal consistency or continuity, the processors within this family have been, for the most part, broadly similar.
The first products receiving this designation were the Core Solo and Core Duo Yonah processors for mobile from the Pentium M design tree, fabricated at 65 nm and brought to market in January 2006. These are substantially different in design than the rest of the Intel Core product group, having derived from the Pentium Pro lineage that predated Pentium 4.
The first Intel Core desktop processor—and typical family member—came from the Conroe iteration, a 65 nm dual-core design brought to market in July 2006, based on the Intel Core microarchitecture with substantial enhancements in micro-architectural efficiency and performance, outperforming Pentium 4 across the board (or near to it), while operating at drastically lower clock rates. Maintaining high instructions per cycle (IPC) on a deeply pipelined and resourced out-of-order execution engine has remained a constant fixture of the Intel Core product group ever since.
The new substantial bump in microarchitecture came with the introduction of the 45 nm Bloomfield desktop processor in November 2008 on the Nehalem architecture, whose main advantage came from redesigned I/O and memory systems featuring the new Intel QuickPath Interconnect and an integrated memory controller supporting up to three channels of DDR3 memory.
Subsequent performance improvements have tended toward making additions rather than profound changes, such as adding the Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) instruction set extensions to Sandy Bridge, first released on 32 nm in January 2011. Time has also brought improved support for virtualization and a trend toward higher levels of system integration and management functionality (and along with that, increased performance) through the ongoing evolution of facilities such as Intel Active Management Technology (iAMT).
Since 2019, the Core brand has been based on four product lines, consisting of the entry level i3, the mainstream i5, the high-end i7, and the "enthusiast" i9.
In 2023, Intel announced that it would drop the "i" moniker from their processor branding, making it "Core 3/5/7/9". The company would introduce the "Ultra" branding for high-end processors as well.[1] The new naming scheme debuted with the launch of Raptor Lake-U Refresh and Meteor Lake processors in 2024, using the "Core 3/5/7" branding for mainstream processors and "Core Ultra 5/7/9" branding for "premium" high-end processors.[2][3]
| Microarchitecture | Core | Nehalem | Sandy Bridge | Haswell | Broadwell | Skylake | Sunny Cove[a] | Willow Cove | Golden Cove | Raptor Cove | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microarchitecture variants | Merom | Penryn | Westmere | Ivy Bridge | Tiger Lake | |||||||||
| Generation (Core i) | - | - | 1st | 2nd/3rd | 4th | 5th/6th | 6th/7th/8th/9th | 10th/11th | 11th | 12th | 13th/14th | |||
| Year of inception | 2006 | 2007 | 2010 | 2011 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |||
| Fabrication process (nm) | 65 | 45 | 32/22 | 22 | 14 | 14+/14++/14+++ | 10 | 10SF | 10ESF | |||||
| Cache | μop | — | 1.5K μops[4] | 2.25K μops | 4K μops | |||||||||
| L1 | Data | Size | 32 KB/core | 48 KB/core | ||||||||||
| Ways | 8 way | 12 way | ||||||||||||
| Latency | 3 | 4 | 3/5 | ? | 5 | ? | ||||||||
| Instruction | Size | 32 KB/core | ||||||||||||
| ways | 8 way[5] | 4 way | 8 way | ? | ? | 8 way | ? | |||||||
| Latency | 3 | ? | ? | ? | 4 | 5 | ? | ? | ? | |||||
| TLB | ? | ? | 142 | 144[6] | ? | ? | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Core_i5||||||||